Table 1.

Clinical manifestations of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome according to selected studies published from 2003 to 2013

Study/author	Study duration	No. of patients	No. of FPIES episodes	Onset of vomiting	Signs and symptoms	Laboratory findings
Nowak et al. [6]	5 yr	14	42	<10 min–3 h; avg 2 h	Vomiting 95%, diarrhea 47%, lethargy 40%, melena 11% hypotension 7%	Increased polymorphonuclear cells; range 700–15000 cells/mm3, median increase 4500 cells/mm3
Hwang et al. [7]	3 yr	16	N/A	N/A	Poor weight gain <10 g/day	Hypoalbuminemia; range 3.3–4.2 g/dl, avg <3.6 g/dl; eosinophiia; range 100–520 cells/mm3; thrombocytosis; range 424–844 × 103/μl; methemoglobinemia 18%
Hwang et al. [8]	5 yr	23	27	1 h–4 h; avg 2 h	Vomiting 100%, diarrhea 33%, lethargy 100%, hypotension 11%, cyanosis 22%	Methemoglobinemia 13%
Mehr et al. [9]	16 yr	35	66	20 min–6 h; avg 1.8 h	Vomiting 100%, diarrhea 24%, lethargy 84%, pallor 66%, hypothermia 24%	Neutrophilia; range 370–16500 cells/mm3, avg 10100 cells/mm3; thrombocytosis (>500 × 103/ml) 63%
Katz et al. [10]	2 yr	44	28	30 min–3 h; avg 2 h	Vomiting 100%, diarrhea 25%, lethargy 77%, pallor 14%, melena 4.5%	N/A
Sopo et al. [11]	7 yr	66	165	30 min–4 h; avg 2 h	Vomiting 98%, diarrhea 54%, pallor 80%, hypotension 77%	N/A
Ruffner et al. [12]	5 yr	N/A	462	2–6 h	Vomiting alone 45.3%, vomiting and diarrhea 54.7%, lethargy/pallor/hypotension/ cyanosis/dehydration 5.1%	N/A

FPIES, food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome; yr, year.