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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 May 6.
Published in final edited form as: J Orthop Res. 2010 Nov;28(11):1418–1424. doi: 10.1002/jor.21149

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Titanium triggers inflammasome activation. Titanium particle internalization triggers the release of Cathepsin B from lysosomes, which together activate Nalp3. Activated Nalp3 recruits ASC through PYD domain interactions. This complex triggers cleavage and recruitment of activated Caspase-1 through CARD domain interactions. This inflammasome complex then cleaves pro-IL-1β into its active, secreted form IL-1β, which can trigger downstream IL-1 associated signaling, including neutrophil recruitment, through activation of the IL-1R. This acute inflammatory response can be inhibited with IL-1Ra treatment.