Table 1.
Baseline comparison between the study groups
| Variables (measure) | CG | IG | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adherence (%) |
41.9 |
40.3 |
0.843* |
| Sex (% males) |
91.9% |
91.7% |
0.96* |
| Age (years) |
68.59 (66.4-70.78) |
69.57 (67.74-71.4) |
0.509** |
| Low Educational Level |
81% |
75% |
0.683* |
| Current Smoking (%) |
33.8% |
30.6% |
0.676* |
| Smoking history (Pack-years) |
58.67 (48.68-68.66) |
67.07 (55.88-78.26) |
0.275** |
| Cigarettes/day |
21.32 (19.3-23.34) |
19.45 (15.87-23.03) |
0.683** |
| BMI (Kg/m2) |
31.42 (27.47-35.37) |
30.11 (29.06-31.16) |
0.538** |
| Comorbidity |
|
|
|
| • HBP (%) |
40 |
58,3 |
0.032* |
| • DM (%) |
25.7 |
38.9 |
0.088* |
| • OA (%) |
33.8 |
29.2 |
0.548* |
| Diagnosis time (years) |
4.27 (3.57-4.97) |
4.61 (3.63-5.59) |
0.585** |
| Pattern (%) |
|
|
0.673* |
| • Obstructive |
47.8 |
54.9 |
|
| • Restrictive |
13 |
12.7 |
|
| • Mixed |
39.1 |
32.4 |
|
| Severity (%) |
|
|
0.630* |
| • Mild |
34.8 |
40.6 |
|
| • Moderate |
43,5 |
43,5 |
|
| • Severe |
21.7 |
15.9 |
|
| Exacerbations per years |
0.82 (0.59-1.05) |
0.92 (0.67-1.17) |
0.642** |
| Visits HC due COPD |
1.56 (1.15-1.97) |
2.04 (1.54-2.54) |
0.162** |
| Treatment (%) |
|
|
|
| • Anticholinergic |
77 |
77.8 |
0.914* |
| • Beta-2 adrenergic |
79.7 |
80.6 |
0.900* |
| • Inhaled corticosteroids |
74.3 |
66.7 |
0.310* |
| • Xanthine |
6.8 |
9.7 |
0.514* |
| Number of Devices (%) |
|
|
0.913* |
| • 1 |
29.7% |
30.6% |
|
| • 2/more |
70.3% |
69.4% |
|
| SGRQ (scores) |
|
|
|
| Total |
39.53 (35,42-43.64) |
35.32 (31.35-39.29) |
0.152** |
| • Activity |
52.05 (48.12-57.98) |
50.62 (45.83-55.4) |
0.49** |
| • Symptoms |
42.74 (38.14-47.34) |
39.62 (35.21-44.03) |
0.341** |
| • Impact |
30.66 (26.45-34.87) |
25.46 (21.41-29.51) |
0.085** |
| EuroQoL5D-3 L (%without problem) |
|
|
|
| • Mobility |
54.1 |
59.7 |
0.489* |
| • Self-care |
82.4 |
86.1 |
0.542* |
| • Perform main, family or leisure activities |
77 |
80.6 |
0.601* |
| • Anxious or depressed |
40.5 |
50 |
0.099* |
| • Pain or discomfort | 64.9 | 70.8 | 0.207* |
Quantitative variables: mean (CI 95%); Qualitative variables: %.
CG: control group; IG: intervention group; BMI: body mass index; HBP: high blood pressure; DM: diabetes mellitus; OA: osteoarthritis HC: health center; SGRQ: Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire.
*ji-schare test; **ANOVA test.