Table 2. Characteristics of the study subjects during the experimental session.
| Variable | NC (n = 40) | MCI (n = 40) | p | q d |
| SBP after 1 min standing (mm Hg) | 134.7 (20.3) | 127.2 (18.0) | 0.088 a | 0.157 |
| DBP after 1 min standing (mm Hg) | 82.1 (10.0) | 78.1 (10.1) | 0.080 a | 0.156 |
| Heart rate after 1 min standing (beats/min) | 71.6 (11.0) | 75.7 (11.3) | 0.115 b | 0.185 |
| SBP after 3 min standing (mm Hg) | 137.7 (18.9) | 129.0 (16.7) | 0.034 a | 0.092 |
| DBP after 3 min standing (mm Hg) | 82.1 (10.4) | 78.7 (8.5) | 0.111 a | 0.185 |
| Heart rate after 3 min standing (beats/min) | 68.8 (9.6) | 73.3 (10.0) | 0.047 a | 0.103 |
| SBP after 5 min standing (mm Hg) | 134.8 (20.5) | 128.1 (16.6) | 0.115 a | 0.185 |
| DBP after 5 min standing (mm Hg) | 81.7 (10.1) | 78.6 (9.0) | 0.150 a | 0.194 |
| Heart rate after 5 min standing (beats/min) | 69.5 (11.3) | 73.6 (9.8) | 0.085 a | 0.157 |
| SBP after 10 min standing (mm Hg) | 135.2 (21.4) | 124.4 (16.0) | 0.012 a | 0.047 |
| DBP after 10 min standing (mm Hg) | 82.2 (11.2) | 78.7 (8.8) | 0.122 a | 0.185 |
| Heart rate after 10 min standing (beats/min) | 70.9 (10.6) | 74.5 (9.9) | 0.119 b | 0.185 |
| Orthostatic hypotension | 4 (10) | 7 (17.5) | 0.330 c | 0.385 |
| SBP end of paced breathing (mm Hg) | 146.0 (19.9) | 139.1 (20.5) | 0.132 a | 0.185 |
| DBP end of paced breathing (mm Hg) | 84.3 (9.8) | 81.6 (10.6) | 0.249 a | 0.301 |
| Heart rate end of paced breathing (beats/min) | 57.9 (6.9) | 63.7 (8.1) | 0.001 a | 0.018 |
| Respiratory rate standing (cycles/min) | 14.9 (2.7) | 15.9 (3.1) | 0.161 a | 0.201 |
| Δ Respiratory rate (cycles/min) | 0.9 (1.9) | 0.9 (1.6) | 0.496 b | 0.526 |
| VAS stress score standing | 33.7 (22.4) | 20.4 (20.4) | 0.007 b | 0.041 |
| VAS stress score paced breathing | 42.2 (23.6) | 28.5 (23.3) | 0.019 b | 0.055 |
Continuous variables are expressed as mean (SD), categorical variables are expressed as n (%). Significant results are shown in bold typeface. a Student's t-test; b Mann-Whitney's U-test; c Chi-squared test; d correction for multiple testing by means of the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure with a 5% False Discovery Rate (FDR). NC: normal cognition (controls); MCI: mild cognitive impairment; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; Δ respiratory rate: respiratory rate standing- respiratory rate baseline; VAS: visual analogue scale (score range 0–100, higher scores indicate greater stress).