Table 2. Laboratory findings of familial clusters or sporadic cases of HAM/TSP.

	f-HAM/TSP cases (40cases)	Sporadic cases (124 cases)	p value	p value†
Anti-HTLV-1 antibodies*
Titer in Serum	20,787±31,004, N = 37	31,009±36,075, N = 109	NS
Titer in CSF	2,310±11,741, N = 31	672±1,274, N = 111	NS
Cerebrospinal fluid
Cell number (/mm3)	3.0±2.5, N = 25	5.7±10.0, N = 109	NS
Protein (mg/dl)	29.9±9.4, N = 22	42.5±19.3, N = 109	<0.001	0.007
Neopterin (pmol/ml)	83.2±118.1, N = 18	38.3±56.8, N = 35	NS
HTLV-1 proviral loads (Copies/104 PBMCs)	930±781, N = 32	968±1,746, N = 101	NS

* Particle Aggregation Method.

Data are presented as mean values ± s.d., N = sample number,

^†Adjusted for age and sex.