Table 1.
Animal, hemodynamic, and morphological - mechanical data for common carotid arteries for seven different groups: control data pooled from Acta2+/+ and Fbn1mgR/+ mice compared with data from fibrillin-1 deficient (Fbn1mgR/mgR), fibulin-5 null (Fbln5−/−), angiotensin-II infused ApoE null (Ang-II ApoE−/−), smooth muscle α-actin null (Acta2−/−), dystrophin deficient (mdx), and sarcoglycan-δ null (Sgcd−/−).
Control | Fbn1 mgR/mgR | Fbln5 −/− | Ang-II ApoE −/− | Acta2 −/− | mdx | Sgcd −/− | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 16 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 6 |
Age (weeks) | 9.0 ± 0.4 | 8.0 ± 0.2 | 21.2 ± 0.6 | 12.2 ± 0.1 | 10.6 ± 0.5 | 10.0 ± 0.9 | 10.0 ± 0.8 |
Body Mass (g) | 22.9 ± 0.9 | 20.1 ± 2.3 | 33.6 ± 2.2 | 29.1 ± 1.4 | 26.3 ± 0.8 | 29.1 ± 0.5 | 26.7 ± 0.4 |
Blood Pressure (mmHg) | |||||||
Systolic | 116 ± 2a,c | 131 ± 6b | 152 ± 2e | 157 ± 7d | 82 ± 2a | 80 ± 2f | 88 ± 1f |
Mean | - | 107 ± 6b | 122 ± 1e | 133 ± 2d | - | - | - |
Adjusted Systolic† | 116 | 131 | 152 | 159 | 81 | 106 | 116 |
Unloaded Dimensions | |||||||
Outer Diameter (μm) | 394 ± 8 | 399 ± 6 | 429 ± 8 | 429 ± 7* | 442 ± 5* | 434 ± 7* | 419 ± 11 |
Wall Thickness (μm) | 94 ± 4 | 94 ± 5 | 70 ± 4* | 109 ± 5 | 78 ± 3 | 63 ± 2* | 62 ± 2* |
In-vitro Axial Length (mm) | 4.66 ± 0.21 | 4.14 ± 0.43 | 5.48 ± 0.35 | 4.46 ± 0.28 | 4.30 ± 0.21 | 4.86 ± 0.26 | 4.71 ± 0.30 |
| |||||||
Systolic Dimensions | |||||||
Outer Diameter (μm) | 647 ± 9 | 656 ± 16 | 579 ± 9* | 680 ± 15 | 647 ± 7 | 618 ± 17 | 619 ± 14 |
Wall Thickness (μm) | 26 ± 1 | 28 ± 1 | 33 ± 2* | 34 ± 2* | 28 ± 1 | 22 ± 1 | 20 ± 1* |
In-vivo Axial Stretch | 1.72 ± 0.02 | 1.61 ± 0.03 | 1.40 ± 0.02* | 1.60 ± 0.05* | 1.63 ± 0.03 | 1.77 ± 0.02 | 1.80 ± 0.01 |
Systolic Cauchy Stresses (kPa) | |||||||
Circumferential | 177.3 ± 5.1 | 186.8 ± 5.6 | 160.5 ± 13.7 | 195.7 ± 11.1 | 113.9 ± 4.6* | 182.8 ± 11.1 | 219.4 ± 5.7* |
Axial | 199.7 ± 7.4 | 164.7 ± 6.3 | 189.1 ± 23.3 | 216.6 ± 10.3 | 182.8 ± 9.3 | 221.5 ± 10.8 | 265.4 ± 6.8* |
Systolic Stiffness | |||||||
Circumferential (MPa) | 1.46 ± 0.10 | 1.79 ± 0.11 | 1.94 ± 0.27 | 1.86 ± 0.13 | 0.91 ± 0.11* | 1.54 ± 0.13 | 1.97 ± 0.14 |
Axial (MPa) | 3.03 ± 0.26 | 2.45 ± 0.29 | 5.33 ± 0.64* | 3.41 ± 0.15 | 1.62 ± 0.08* | 2.52 ± 0.23 | 2.94 ± 0.19 |
Pulse Wave Velocity (m/s) | 7.74 ± 0.29 | 8.88 ± 0.31 | 10.65 ± 0.42* | 9.71 ± 0.17* | 6.30 ± 0.29* | 7.48 ± 0.28 | 8.07 ± 0.30 |
Systolic Stored Energy (kPa) | 50.4 ± 2.3 | 36.3 ± 1.5* | 26.6 ± 3.6* | 48.8 ± 3.5 | 47.7 ± 3.1 | 54.4 ± 4.5 | 63.1 ± 0.9* |
Blood pressures (systolic, and mean when available) were compiled from reports in the literature [a measured by tail-cuff 45; b measured by indwelling catheter37; c measured by tail-cuff 24; d measured by tail-cuff 3; e measured by indwelling catheter54; f measured by left-ventricular catheter under isoflurane anesthesia47], but also adjusted to a common central arterial value in the conscious mouse (cf. Appendix) to enable more consistent comparisons of model-specific properties. Actual mechanical data for the Fbn1mgR/mgR mice were taken from Ferruzzi et al.14, those for Ang II ApoE−/− mice from Bersi et al.2, and those for the mdx and Sgcd−/− mice from Dye et al.10; these data are collected together here for the first time, however, and re-analyzed consistently for purposes of direct comparison. The other mechanical data are new and from the authors’ laboratory. All data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean. A superscript * denotes a significant difference relative to control based on an ANOVA, with a post-hoc Bonferroni correction, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Finally, albeit not shown, systolic pressures and in vivo axial stretches for the four aortic banding groups were: 120 mmHg and stretch of 1.70 for 0 day, 149 mmHg and 1.46 for 7–10 days, 154 mmHg and 1.37 for 10–14 days, and 125 mmHg and 1.27 for 35–56 days post-banding, respectively, with other information tabulated in Eberth et al.12,13.