Table 2.
Associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D Concentration with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. Data from 1591 Participants of Project Viva.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Cases / Eligible | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI |
| Preeclampsia | 56/1591 | ||||||||
| Continuous 25(OH)D (per 25 nmol/L) | 0.89 | 0.62, 1.26 | 0.94 | 0.64, 1.39 | 1.15 | 0.79, 1.69 | 1.14 | 0.77, 1.67 | |
| Category of 25(OH)D | |||||||||
| < 25 nmol/L | 4/81 | 1.30 | 0.37, 4.53 | 1.08 | 0.28, 4.23 | 0.57 | 0.13, 2.44 | 0.60 | 0.14, 2.56 |
| 25 - <50 nmol/L | 16/472 | 1.03 | 0.52, 2.05 | 0.97 | 0.47, 1.98 | 0.78 | 0.37, 1.61 | 0.79 | 0.38, 1.65 |
| 50 - <75 nmol/L | 25/743 | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) |
| ≥ 75 nmol/L | 11/295 | 1.12 | 0.52, 2.42 | 1.16 | 0.53, 2.55 | 1.33 | 0.59, 2.99 | 1.34 | 0.60, 3.01 |
| Gestational hypertension | 109/1591 | ||||||||
| Continuous 25(OH)D (per 25 nmol/L) | 1.25 | 0.98, 1.58 | 1.18 | 0.91, 1.54 | 1.31 | 1.00, 1.70 | 1.32 | 1.01, 1.72 | |
| Category of 25(OH)D | |||||||||
| <25 nmol/L | 2/81 | 0.33 | 0.05, 2.13 | 0.47 | 0.07, 3.24 | 0.36 | 0.05, 2.54 | 0.34 | 0.05, 2.40 |
| 25 - < 50 nmol/L | 33/472 | 1.08 | 0.66, 1.78 | 1.16 | 0.69, 1.95 | 1.02 | 0.60, 1.72 | 0.98 | 0.57, 1.66 |
| 50 - <75 nmol/L | 48/743 | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) | 1.00 | (ref) |
| ≥ 75 nmol/L | 26/295 | 1.39 | 0.79, 2.43 | 1.37 | 0.78, 2.42 | 1.46 | 0.82, 2.60 | 1.46 | 0.82, 2.60 |
Model 1. Unadjusted
Model 2. Adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, smoking, education, marital status, parity, season of last menstrual period, and gestational age at blood draw
Model 3. Model 2 + pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain (up to the time of blood collection)
Model 4. Model 3 + 2nd trimester physical activity and 2nd trimester dietary intakes of fish and calcium
Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio