. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Addiction. 2013 Dec 10;109(6):977–985. doi: 10.1111/add.12399

Table 5.

Gambling outcomes by young adulthood (ages 16–22; N=514)

	Stable %	Declining %	Reference Group=Stable			Reference Group=Stable
	Stable %	Declining %	OR	95% CI	p	aOR^&	95% CI	p
Gambling Problems	0.65⁺	0.85⁺	1.31	0.96,1.52	.10	1.15	0.95,1.40	.15

Gambling Status
Nongambler	38.3	33.0	1.00			1.00
Social Gambler	49.5	46.1	0.93	0.57,1.75	.64	0.85	0.50,1.84	.73
Problem Gambler	12.2	20.9	1.91	1.59,2.23	<.001	1.57	1.24,1.99	.01

⁺

Mean

Adjusted for sex, race, lunch status, household structure, intervention, age 6 parental monitor, age 6 impulsivity, age 6 aggression, age 16 deviant peer affiliation