Table 1.

A Motivational Interviewing (MI) Intervention to Decrease Prenatal Alcohol Use Based in Self-Determination Theory (SDT)

3 Basic Psychological Needs (SDT: Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000)	4 Principles of MI (Miller & Rollnick, 2002)	MI Intervention Methods
Need for Relatedness	Establishing empathy	In a respectful, caring manner, a pregnant woman's goals for her pregnancy, as well as her beliefs and attitudes about prenatal alcohol use, are discussed. Feedback regarding alcohol use obtained in the initial assessment is provided in a non-judgmental way.
Need for Autonomy	Developing discrepancy	Simple and complex reflections, open-ended questions, and summarizations are then used to assist the pregnant woman in increased awareness of any incongruence between her goals for the pregnancy and her current drinking behaviors.
	Rolling with resistance	Resistance may occur due to ambivalence between the pregnant woman's current behaviors and changes needed to meet pregnancy goals. With the woman's permission, neutral information and direction is provided to assist her in development of strategies for behavior change.
Need for Competence	Supporting self- efficacy	Respect and acceptance of the pregnant woman as capable of making healthy decisions for herself and her pregnancy is supported.