Table 3.

Cross-sectional Studies Linking Contraceptive Use with Prevalent BV

Author, Year	Group	Odds Ratio or RR (95% Confidence interval)
Riggs, 2007[ 13 ]	Oral contraceptives	0.76 (0.63 – 0.90)
	DMPA/Implant	0.64 (0.53 – 0.76)
	Tubal ligation	1.38 (1.11 – 1.71)
	Condom	1.0 (0.86 – 1.16)
Shoubnikova, 1997[ 81 ]	Combined oral contraceptives	0.4 (0.2 – 0.8)
	IUD	0.7 (0.3 – 1.6)
	Condom	0.3 (0.1 – 0.9)
Calzolari, 2000[ 82 ]	Combined oral contraceptives	0.43 (0.22 – 0.76)
	IUD	2.98 (1.66 – 5.34)
	Condom	0.56 (0.33 – 0.96)
Holzman, 2001[ 83 ]	Hormonal Contraceptives	0.5 (0.2 – 0.8)
Hutchinson, 2007[ 84 ]	Condoms	0.55 (0.34 – 0.88)