Fig. 2.

Expression of UPR genes in PBMC of RA patients and healthy controls. Levels of UPR genes (as indicated) were determined by qRT-PCR and expressed relative to levels of GAPDH. Samples were healthy controls (HC; n = 24), RA with active disease (RA-ACT; n = 47) and RA in remission (RA-REM; n = 12). Values on the Y-axis are presented on a logarithmic scale (Log 10). Statistical analysis of variance between different of groups was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test whilst Dunn's Multiple Comparison Test was used to compare all pairs of data. Data are shown as median with interquartile range. (* = p < 0.05, ** = p < 0.01, *** = p < 0.005 and **** = p < 0.001).