Table 2. Unadjusted and adjusted mean (s.e.) vitamin D and PTH levels by depression status.
| Variable | Depressed patients (n=355) | Non-depressed controls (n=124) | Statistics | Cohen's d (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted analyses | ||||
| 25-OH-vitamin D3 (nmol l−1) | 51.9 (1.2) | 62.0 (2.1) | F=17.66, df=1, P<0.001 | 0.45 (0.24–0.67) |
| 1,25-diOH-vitamin D3 (pmol l−1) | 136.7 (2.5) | 163.7 (3.9) | F=31.27, df=1, P<0.001 | 0.61 (0.39–0.83) |
| Parathormone (PTH) (pmol l−1)a | 0.82 (0.19) | 0.80 (0.19) | F=1.55, df=1, P=0.213 | Not relevant |
| Adjusted for covariatesb | ||||
| 25-OH vitamin D3 (nmol l−1) | 52.9 (1.2) | 58.3 (2.1) | F=4.59, df=1, P=0.033 | 0.28 (0.07–0.49) |
| 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 (pmol l−1) | 138.0 (2.5) | 159.6 (4.4) | F=16.93, df=1, P<0.001 | 0.48 (0.27–0.70) |
| Parathormone (PTH) (pmol l−1)a | 0.82 (0.10) | 0.81 (0.18) | F=0.181, df=1, P=0.670 | Not relevant |
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
a
Analyses based on log-transformed values.
b
Adjusted for age, sex, educational level, season of measurement, use of alcohol, smoking, physical activity, waist circumference, number of chronic diseases, cognitive functioning and renal function (see Table 1 for units and/or categories of the covariates).