Table 2. A list of metabolites that showed significant difference between the FESZ and control groups.
| Metabolites | Mode | m/z, p.p.m. | MT, min |
First set |
Second set |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mean relative area (s.d.) |
P-valuea |
Mean relative area (s.d.) |
P-value |
||||||||
| FESZ (n=18) | Con (n=14) | FESZ (n=12) | Con (n=24) | ASD (n=15) | FESZ vs Conb | FESZ vs ASDb,c | |||||
| Creatined | C | 132.08 | 9.000 | 0.01270 (0.00512) | 0.00845 (0.00493) | 0.018* | 0.0154 (0.0065) | 0.0114 (0.0052) | 0.0118 (0.0057) | 0.031* | 0.052 |
| Gluconic acidd | A | 195.05 | 7.809 | 0.000325 (0.000060) | 0.000280 (0.000044) | 0.022* | 0.000256 (0.000049) | 0.000228 (0.000038) | 0.000205 (0.000043) | 0.052 | 0.0060† |
| Glutamated | C | 148.06 | 11.090 | 0.01007 (0.00044) | 0.00698 (0.00239) | 0.049* | 0.0210 (0.0078) | 0.0156 (0.0109) | 0.0164 (0.0065) | 0.064 | 0.057 |
| Benzoic acid | A | 121.03 | 9.482 | 0.000201 (0.000093) | 0.000340 (0.000157) | 0.037* | 0.000211 (0.000087) | 0.000315 (0.000183) | 0.000387 (0.000259) | 0.039* | 0.034* |
| Imidazolelactic acid | C | 157.06 | 8.978 | 0.0000554 (0.0000247) | 0.0000746 (0.0000300) | 0.037* | ND | ND | ND | NA | NA |
| Nonanoic acid | A | 157.12 | 7.774 | 0.000538 (0.000121) | 0.000695 (0.000235) | 0.025* | 0.00110 (0.00034) | 0.00147 (0.00023) | 0.00144 (0.00020) | 0.00031† | 0.0031† |
| Perillic acid | A | 165.09 | 7.808 | 0.000413 (0.000386) | 0.000626 (0.000211) | 0.018* | 0.000303 (0.000232) | 0.000526 (0.000234) | 0.000325 (0.000232) | 0.0040† | 0.20 |
| Cyclohexylamine | C | 100.11 | 7.837 | 0.0000528 (0.0000608) | 0.0000918 (0.0000816) | 0.0018† | 0.000031 (0.000008) | ND | ND | NA | NA |
| Betaine | C | 118.09 | 11.407 | 0.0116 (0.0021) | 0.0147 (0.0021) | 0.00068† | 0.0173 (0.0040) | 0.0206 (0.0051) | 0.0220 (0.0039) | 0.029* | 0.0013† |
Abbreviations: A, anion mode; ASD, autism spectrum disorders; C, cation mode; Con, control; FESZ, first-episode schizophrenia; MT, migration time (min); m/z, mass-to-charge ratio (p.p.m.); NA, not applicable; ND, not detected.
*P<0.05, †P<0.01.
a
Two-tailed Mann–Whitney U-test.
b
One-tailed Mann–Whitney U-test.
c
As we used the data of ASD only for comparing with those of FESZ, we did not test using analysis of variance.
d
Increased metabolites in patients with FESZ compared with the controls in the first set.