Table 3. Absolute quantities of the metabolites that showed significant difference between the FESZ and control groups.

Metabolites	Mean (s.d.), μM		P-valuea
	FESZ (n=30)	Con (n=38)
Creatine	43.2 (18.10)	32.22 (16.42)	0.006†
Gluconic acid	3.732 (0.687)	3.295 (0.534)	0.006†
Glutamate	77.93 (39.86)	65.19 (48.71)	0.057
Betaine	43.00 (12.34)	56.99 (15.35)	0.00013†

Abbreviations: Con, control; FESZ, first-episode schizophrenia.

*P<0.05, ^†P<0.01.

^aTwo-tailed Mann–Whitney U-test.