Table 3.
Associations between substance use exposure variables (rows) and sexual behavioral and STD outcomes (columns)
| Sexual behaviors and STD outcomes (columns) Substance abuse exposures (rows) |
Condom-protected sexa | (log)Unprotected sexb | STDa | Concurrent sexual partnera | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjustedc | Unadjusted | Adjustedc | Unadjusted | Adjustedc | Unadjusted | Adjustedc | |
| Alcohol dependent | ||||||||
| Female onlyd | 1.52(0.83, 2.79) | 1.46(0.83, 2.58) | 0.24(−0.40, 0.88) | 0.19(−0.46, 0.84) | 1.20(0.61, 2.34) | 1.18(0.59, 2.35) | 2.85(1.49, 5.47) | 2.53(1.27, 5.06) |
| Male onlyd | 0.67(0.38, 1.16) | 0.69(0.38, 1.25) | −0.20(−0.89, 0.50) | −0.15(−0.84, 0.54) | 1.09(0.65, 1.84) | 1.09(0.63, 1.88) | 1.39(0.73, 2.64) | 1.57(0.81, 3.05) |
| Bothd | 1.32(0.49, 3.54) | 1.61(0.61, 4.24) | −0.42(−1.71, 0.88) | −0.14(−1.41, 1.13) | 1.49(0.60, 3.71) | 1.24(0.46, 3.37) | 1.14(0.38, 3.44) | 1.26(0.39, 4.04) |
| Drug dependent | ||||||||
| Female onlyd | 1.05(0.61, 1.80) | 1.46(0.81, 2.63) | 0.52(−0.26, 1.29) | 0.29(−0.46, 1.03) | 2.11(1.13, 3.95) | 2.13(1.09, 4.16) | 2.23(1.20, 4.14) | 1.99(1.00, 3.96) |
| Male onlyd | 0.92(0.47, 1.79) | 0.86(0.45, 1.63) | −0.11(−0.84, 0.62) | 0.14(−0.64, 0.91) | 2.49(1.43, 4.34) | 2.57(1.41, 4.69) | 1.54(0.85, 2.81) | 1.51(0.79, 2.89) |
| Bothd | 0.71(0.34, 1.50) | 0.70(0.30, 1.65) | 0.97(0.12, 1.83) | 1.27(0.45, 2.09) | 0.74(0.29, 1.92) | 0.56(0.20, 1.58) | 3.40(1.59, 7.26) | 3.73(1.63, 8.58) |
| Used any substance to get high/relax | ||||||||
| Female onlyd | 1.18(0.66, 2.10) | 1.47(0.78, 2.77) | 0.27(−0.38, 0.93) | 0.24(−0.39, 0.88) | 2.89(1.47, 5.67) | 2.86(1.39, 5.87) | 2.39(1.17, 4.91) | 2.18(1.01, 4.72) |
| Male onlyd | 0.83(0.50, 1.38) | 0.78(0.47, 1.27) | 0.04(−0.58, 0.66) | 0.18(−0.43, 0.79) | 1.91(1.13, 3.23) | 1.75(1.02, 3.00) | 2.05(1.19, 3.53) | 1.71(0.96, 3.04) |
| Bothd | 0.61(0.36, 1.03) | 0.69(0.40, 1.20) | 0.71(0.13,1.28) | 0.87(0.29, 1.46) | 2.49(1.51, 4.12) | 2.18(1.28, 3.72) | 2.09(1.15, 3.82) | 1.74(0.93, 3.26) |
| Smoked marijuana | ||||||||
| Female onlyd | 1.11(0.62, 1.99) | 1.37(0.72, 2.61) | 0.40(−0.26, 1.06) | 0.42(−0.25, 1.08) | 1.76(0.91, 3.40) | 1.63(0.82, 3.26) | 2.79(1.48, 5.25) | 2.77(1.42, 5.40) |
| Male onlyd | 1.13(0.64, 1.98) | 1.07(0.60, 1.89) | 0.37(−0.21, 0.96) | 0.45(−0.10, 1.00) | 1.42(0.80, 2.54) | 1.27(0.71, 2.28) | 1.30(0.69, 2.44) | 1.07(0.55, 2.08) |
| Bothd | 0.71(0.39, 1.30) | 0.76(0.42, 1.40) | 1.02(0.32, 1.73) | 1.12(0.40, 1.83) | 2.99(1.70, 5.25) | 2.86(1.61, 5.06) | 1.84(0.91, 3.74) | 1.89(0.91, 3.92) |
| Injected heroin, cocaine, other | ||||||||
| Female onlyd | 0.56(0.20, 1.58) | 0.60(0.20, 1.80) | 1.59(0.89, 2.28) | 1.54(0.76, 2.32) | 0.29(0.04, 2.40) | 0.26(0.03, 2.22) | 1.02(0.25, 4.18) | 0.84(0.18, 3.97) |
| Male onlyd | 0.71(0.26, 1.96) | 0.61(0.19, 1.97) | 0.69(−0.31, 1.70) | 0.97(−0.05, 1.99) | 0.70(0.24, 1.99) | 0.60(0.20, 1.78) | 1.51(0.58, 3.93) | 1.34(0.47, 3.88) |
| Bothd | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Used other illicit drugs | ||||||||
| Female onlyd | 1.74(1.00, 3.02) | 2.33(1.31, 4.16) | −0.07(−0.81, 0.66) | −0.16(−0.85, 0.53) | 1.84(0.94, 3.61) | 1.69(0.81, 3.50) | 1.83(0.91, 3.67) | 1.79(0.85, 3.76) |
| Male onlyd | 0.62(0.38, 1.01) | 0.69(0.43, 1.12) | −0.10(−0.82, 0.63) | −0.02(−0.74, 0.70) | 2.05(1.16, 3.63) | 1.84(1.03, 3.29) | 1.85(1.05, 3.25) | 1.70(0.92, 3.15) |
| Bothd | 0.52(0.26, 1.03) | 0.64(0.32, 1.30) | 0.82(0.11, 1.54) | 0.82(0.08, 1.55) | 1.33(0.64, 2.75) | 1.28(0.62, 2.66) | 1.97(1.00, 3.88) | 1.81(0.87, 3.77) |
(n = 1,070 participants; 535 couples)
a
Odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% CI presented
b
Mean difference and corresponding 95% CI presented
c
Adjusted for gender of the HIV positive partner; the couple’s age difference, relationship length, marital status, employment status and whether both partners were African American
d
Partner(s) reporting the given substance use exposure behavior, compared to the reference category, which is defined as neither partner reporting the given substance use exposure behavior