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. 2010 Sep 27;31(10):1389–1394. doi: 10.1038/aps.2010.165

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Carbachol inhibits TNF-α-induced hyperpermeability of endothelial cells by alpha 7 nicotinic receptors. Endothelial cells were exposed to concentration gradients of carbachol (K1: 2 mmol/L; K2: 0.2 mmol/L; K3: 0.02 mmol/L; K4: 2 μmol/L; K5: 0.2 μmol/L) for 15 min. Then they were treated with TNF-α at a final concentration of 500 ng/mL for 24 h. For experiments using the antagonist of alpha 7 nicotinic receptor, α-bungarotoxin 3 μg/mL was added to the cultures 15 min before carbachol treatment. Nicotine (10 μmol/L) was used as a positive control. bP<0.05 vs control group; eP<0.05 vs TNF-α group; hP<0.05 vs K2+TNF-α group; kP<0.05 vs nicotine+TNF-α group.