Table 1. Hawaiian Ecosystem Modifying Invasive Plants (EMIP's) selected for this analysis.

Species Name	CommonName	3Code	Family	Established in Hawaii	1Habitat (Wagner et al, [43])	2Habitat (Price et al, [42])	Number of Records	4RA	RA Score2
Clidemia hirta	Koster's curse	CliHir	Melastomataceae	1941 (72 years)	Mesic to Wet Forest	Mesic-Wet	60	High Risk	27
Falcataria moluccana	Albizia	FalMol	Fabaceae	1920 (93 years)	Disturbed Mesic to Wet Areas	Mesic	414	High Risk	8
Hedychium gardnerianum	Kāhili ginger	HedGar	Zingiberaceae	1940 (73 years)	Wet Forest	Wet	218	High Risk	16
Lantana camara	Lantana	LanCam	Verbenaceae	1858 (155 years)	-	Dry-Mesic	307	High Risk	32
Leucaena leucocephala	Koa haole, ēkoa	LeuLeu	Fabaceae	1837 (176 years)	-	Dry	502	High Risk	15
Melinis minutiflora	Molasses grass	MelMin	Poaceae	1910 (103 years)	Dry to Mesic Areas	Mesic	298	High Risk	18
Miconia calvescens	Miconia	MicCal	Melastomataceae	∼1983 (30 years)	-	Mesic-Wet	102,595	High Risk	14
Morella faya	Firetree	MorFay	Myricaceae	1926 (87 years)	Mesic to Wet Forest	Mesic	968	High Risk	17
Panicum maximum	Guinea grass	PanMax	Poaceae	1871 (142 years)	-	Dry	44	High Risk	17
Passiflora tarminiana	Banana poka	PasTar	Passifloraceae	1926 (87 years)	Mesic Forests	Dry	5857	High Risk	24
Pennisetum clandestinum	Kikuyu grass	PenCla	Poaceae	1923 (90 years)	Dry to Mesic Forests	Mesic	135	High Risk	18
Pennisetum setaceum	Fountain grass	PenSet	Poaceae	1914 (99 years)	Dry/Open Areas (e.g. Lava fields)	Dry	317	High Risk	26
Psidium cattleianum	Strawberry guava	PsiCat	Myrtaceae	1825 (188 years)	Mesic and Wet Forest	Wet	540	High Risk	18
Schinus terebinthifolius	Christmas berry	SchTer	Anacardiaceae	1911 (102 years)	Disturbed Mesic Forests	Mesic	916	High Risk	19
Setaria palmifolia	Palmgrass	SetPal	Poaceae	1903 (110 years)	Mesic to Wet Forest	Wet	1059	High Risk	7**
Sphaeropteris (syn: Cyathea) cooperi	Australian tree fern	SphCoo	Cyatheaceae	1950 (63 years)	Wet Forest	Dry	79	High Risk	8
Ulex europaeus	Gorse	UleEur	Fabaceae	1914 (99 years)	-	Mesic	473	High Risk	20
			Avg. Establishment:	∼1908 (104±41 years)		SUM:	114,782	Avg. RA	18.8

¹Habitat is described by a broad habitat descriptor defining the ecotype and year naturalized (or first collected) as inferred from [43], [122].

²The moistures index developed by Price et al. [42] defined species specific moisture types from collection data.

³For ease of interpretation each species was coded using a representative six letter combination.

⁴Risk Assessment (RA) scores and categories defined by Dahler et al. [19] and Pheloung et al. [41] accessed from: http://www.hear.org/pier/index.htm.

**Based on estimates for Australia [41] accessed from: http://www.hear.org/pier/wra/australia/sepal-wra.htm.