Table 2.

Exploratory Factor Analysis for All Versions of PSS: Loadings of the 2-Factor Models

		PSS-14		PSS-13		PSS-10		PSS-4
	Items	Positive (Coping)	Negative (Distress)	Positive (Coping)	Negative (Distress)	Positive (Coping)	Negative (Distress)	Positive (Coping)	Negative (Distress)
	In the last month, how often have you (been/felt)
1	Upset by something happening unexpectedly?	0.027	0.629	0.049	0.628	0.137	0.626
2	Unable to control the important things in your life?	0.166	0.746	0.188	0.755	0.288	0.757	0.284	0.736
3	Nervous and stressed?	0.076	0.701	0.102	0.702	0.210	0.697
4	Dealt successfully with day-to-day problems and annoyances?	0.605	−0.149	0.597	−0.123
5	Effectively coping with important changes that were occurring in your life?	0.739	−0.016	0.741	0.018
6	Confident about your ability to handle your personal problems?	0.769	0.116	0.768	0.156	0.721	0.156	0.726	0.213
7	Things were going your way?	0.639	0.367	0.651	0.397	0.730	0.383	0.780	0.418
8	Could not cope with all the things that you had to do?	0.122	0.627	0.148	0.626	0.217	0.630
9	Dealt successfully with irritating life hassles?	0.710	0.099	0.715	0.132	0.679	0.130
10	You were on top of things?	0.685	0.298	0.694	0.332	0.761	0.316
11	Angered because of things that were outside your control?	0.047	0.668	0.073	0.667	0.160	0.673
12	Thinking about things that you have to accomplish?	-0.322	0.358
13	Able to control the way you spend your time?	0.692	0.131	0.685	0.172
14	Difficulties were piling up so high that you could not overcome them?	0.155	0.659	0.182	0.658	0.269	0.663	0.268	0.678

• Extraction method: Principal Axis Factoring

• Rotation Method: Oblimin

• Factor loadings of more than 0.4 are bolded in the table.