Table 2.

Comparison of the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) raw total and each subscale score among subjects with bipolar disorder (BP), non-BP psychopathology, and healthy controls (HC)

	Time 1	Time 2	Time 3	Statisticsa
				Group		Time		Time × Group
				F	p-value	F	p-value	F	p-value
AQ total				67.75	< 0.0001	25.10	0.0001	4.88	0.009
BP	87.06 ± 27.56	78.61 ± 26.69	77.52 ± 28.69
Non-BP	64.12 ± 20.39	63.28 ± 23.54	59.76 ± 16.81
HC	53.80 ± 12.55	50.66 ± 11.20	49.59 ± 10.10
Physical total				31.50	< 0.0001	18.12	< 0.0001	2.89	0.06
BP	16.74 ± 8.12	14.90 ± 7.17	15.05 ± 8.09
Non-BP	13.01 ± 5.30	12.57 ± 5.58	11.83 ± 3.69
HC	10.43 ± 3.15	10.16 ± 3.03	10.17 ± 3.13
Verbal total				33.18	0.0001	4.83	0.03	4.98	0.007
BP	13.76 ± 5.20	12.46 ±4.96	12.33 ± 5.23
Non-BP	10.63 ± 3.34	10.39 ±4.19	10.03 ± 3.39
HC	8.96 ± 2.57	8.76 ± 2.44	8.99 ± 2.62
Anger total				60.24	< 0.0001	15.65	0.0001	5.62	0.005
BP	19.99 ± 6.98	17.72 ± 6.97	17.65 ± 6.80
Non-BP	13.75 ± 5.19	14.12 ± 5.75	13.53 ± 5.60
HC	11.78 ± 3.43	10.58 ± 2.89	10.49 ± 2.74
Hostility total				62.38	< 0.0001	15.29	0.0002	3.63	0.03
BP	22.18 ± 8.32	20.17 ± 8.26	19.42 ± 8.36
Non-BP	14.69 ± 5.96	14.86 ± 7.10	13.62 ± 5.25
HC	12.57 ± 4.53	11.83 ± 4.67	11.01 ± 3.74
Indirect total				27.13	< 0.0001	24.98	< 0.0001	0.38	0.70
BP	14.44 ± 4.70	13.36 ± 4.68	13.10 ± 4.97
Non-BP	12.03 ± 4.33	11.32 ± 4.19	10.78 ± 3.31
HC	10.04 ± 2.90	9.36 ± 2.52	8.93 ± 2.05

For all group comparisons: BP > non-BP; BP > healthy controls and non-BP > healthy controls with p-values ≤ 0.05 after Bonferroni's correction.

^aAdjusted for race, marital status, and socioeconomic status.