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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 5.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2013 Jul 5;113(2):223–237. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.300084

Table 1. Classification of Aortic Stenosis Severity.

Valve anatomy Aortic velocity (m/s) Mean gradient (mm Hg) Aortic valve area (cm2) Other measures
Aortic sclerosis Focal leaflet thickening with normal leaflet motion < 2.5 < 10 3 -4 cm2
Mild AS Mild leaflet thickening with mildly reduced motion 2.5 – 3 10-20 1.5-3.0
Moderate AS Mild-moderate Ca++ with moderately reduced leaflet motion 3-4 20-40 1.0-1.5
Severe AS Moderate-severe Ca++ with little leaflet motion > 4 > 40 < 1.0 Indexed AVA < 0.6 cm2/m2 Velocity ratio < 0.25
Low-output low-gradient severe AS with reduced EF Severe valve Ca++, reduced leaflet motion
Rest 3-4 20-40 < 1.0
Dobutamine stress > 4 > 40 < 1.0
Low-output low-gradient severe AS with normal EF Severe valve Ca++, reduced leaflet motion 3-4 20-40 <1.0 SVi <35 ml/m2, LVH, small LV chamber, reduced longitudinal systolic strain, increased Zva
Critical AS Severe Ca++ with immobile leaflets > 5 > 60 < 0.6