Table 3. Reported cases of TIO located in the hand.

Authors and year	Age/gender	Tumor location	Tumor size (cm3)	Mass found before surgery (years)	Duration of osteo-malacia	Clinical manifestations	Serum phosphate (mmol/L, reference 0.89–1.6)	Serum alkaline phosphatase U/L) [reference 0–130]	Urinary phosphate (mmol/24 h) [reference 23–48]	Recovered from osteomalacia after surgery (months)	Follow-up result	Original pathologic diagnosis	Revised pathologic diagnosis
Yoshikawa et al., 1977[36]	18/M	Fourth metacarpal	NA	5	5	Difficulty in walking, pain in the lumbar region and knees	0.45	63	17.1	3	No recurrence	Osteoblastoma	Osteoblastoma and osteosarcoma
Weidner et al., 1987[18]	34/M	Mid palm	9	5	1	Back stiffness, lower extremity weakness, waddling gait	0.51	Elevated	24.32	3	No recurrence in 2 years	Giant cell variant of soft part chondroma	PMTMCT
Folpe et al., 2004[1]	61/F	Hand	12	NA	6	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	No recurrence in 4 years	Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath	PMTMCT
	54/F	4th finger	Small	NA	5–6	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	No recurrence in 3 years	Atypical enchondroma	Enchondroma with cytologic atypia
	61/F	Metacarpal	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	Atypical giant cell tumor	PMTMCT
Jacob et al., 2007[37]	59/M	Index finger	2	2	2	Pain in the lumbar spine, sacroiliac joints, and hips; difficulty in rising and climbing stairs	0.58	436	25.6	6	No recurrence	PMTMCT	PMTMCT
Current case	45/F	First metacarpal	14	4	3.5	Serious bone pain of whole body, immobility (could nottumoverinbed), and pathological fractures of the hip	0.35	178	28.62	1	No recurrence in 1.5 years	Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath	PMTMCT

NA, not available. PMTMCT, phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor mixed connective tissue variants.