Table 2. Effects of IACI in computer simulations and healthy volunteers.

Name, year	Infusate	Infusion site	Infusion rate (mL/min)	Infusion duration (min)	Infusion volume (mL)	Time to brain temp <34 °C (min)	Brain temp at end of infusion (°C)	Core temp at end of infusion (°C)
Computer simulations of IACI
Slotboom et al104	Saline 2°C	MCA, distal of clot	7.5	60	450	6	20	36.7
	Saline 2°C	MCA, distal of clot	15	60	900	3	16	36.5
	Saline 2°C	MCA, distal of clot	30	60	1800	1	15	36
	Saline 2°C	MCA, distal of clot	45	60	2700	1	15	35.4
Konstas et al100	Saline 5°C	ICA	20	60	1200	17	34	NR
	Saline 2.8°C	ICA	30	60	1800	6	32.1	NR
	Saline 2.5°	ICA	40	60	2400	4	30.4	NR
	Saline 1.8 °C	ICA	50	60	3000	3	28.4	35.2
Neimark et al101	Saline 2.8°C	ICA	30	60	1800	5	31.1	36
Neimark et al103	Saline 0°C	ICA	50 mL bolus, then gradual ↓from 30 to 21	120	NR	3	33.3	35.4
	Saline 0°C+external head cooling	ICA	50 mL bolus, then gradual ↓from 30 to 7	120	NR	3	31.8	34
Neimark et al102	Saline 0°C	ICA	Gradual ↓from 50 to 12	360	7500	<5	32.2	33.2
	Saline 0°C+external head cooling	ICA	Gradual ↓from 50 to 0	250	3300	<5	32.2	32.8
Neimark et al105 a	Saline 8.4°C	ICA	33	10	330	—	−2	NR
Clinical trial of IACI
Choi et al107	Saline 8.4°C	ICA	33	10	330	—	−0.84 (JVBT)	−0.15

BT, brain temperature; CT, core temperature; IACI, intraarterial cold infusions; ICA, internal cerebral artery; JVBT, jugular venous bulb temperature; MCA, middle cerebral artery; NR, not reported.

Effects of intraarteral cold infusions on brain temperature according to computer simulations and one clinical study in healthy volunteers.

^aBased on the study by Choi et al.¹⁰⁷