Table 1. Concentrations of glucose, [1-¹³C]glucose, lactate, [3-¹³C]lactate, alanine, and [3-¹³C]alanine.

nmol/g	HF		FCX		Retrospl/Cing cx		Entorhinal cx
	Ctrl	AD	Ctrl	AD	Ctrl	AD	Ctrl	AD
Glucose	2,516±179	2,530±200	2,507±109	2,744±240	2,513±127	2,551±253	2,054±146	2,060±197
[1-13C]glucose	574±40	561±66	653±50	683±96	686±51	651±68	—	—
Lactate	1,873±75	2,188±87*	2,323±92	2,934±164**	2,001±114	2,416±192	2,470±228	2,915±240
[3-13C]lactate	70±11	107±13*	113±11	153±14*	94±9	126±18	—	—
Alanine	468±16	525±12*	524±33	593±51	432±38	428±21	527±37	554±65
[3-13C]alanine	23±3	30±3	29±5	25±3	23±4	19±2	—	—

HF, hippocampal formation; FCX, frontal cortex; Retrospl/Cing cx, retrosplenial/cingulate cortex; AD, Alzheimer's disease; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance.

The concentrations (nmol/g) of glucose, lactate, and alanine were measured using ¹H NMR spectroscopy, and those of [1-¹³C]glucose, [3-¹³C]lactate, and [3-¹³C]alanine were measured using ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. Results are presented as mean±s.e.m. of McGill-R-Thy1-APP (AD, n=9 to 10) and control rats (n=10 to 11). For details, see the Materials and Methods section. The data were analyzed using the unpaired Student's t-test. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, statistically significant difference from control rats.