Figure 1.

PARK9 mutant fibroblasts and primary cortical neurons are sensitive to zinc (Zn²⁺). (A) LDH release from fibroblasts cultured in a medium containing one of the cations (Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺, Ni²⁺ or Zn²⁺, concentration is 100 μm) for 24 h (n = 3, *P < 0.005, **P < 0.001). (B) Toxicity of Zn²⁺ was attenuated by adding Zn²⁺ chelator, clioquinol (2 μm) in a medium (n = 3, *P < 0.01, **P < 0.03, ***P < 0.001). (C) LDH release from primary cortical neurons (PCN) cultured in the presence of cations (n = 3, *P < 0.005). (D) Toxicity of Zn²⁺ was attenuated by adding Zn²⁺ chelator, TPEN (N,N,N‘,N'-Tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine) (1 μm) (n = 3, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005). The values are the mean ± SEM.