Figure 3.

Sorafenib fails to suppress ERK and AKT signaling in the presence of TGF-β. Cells were treated with sorafenib (10 μM) for 2 h with or without pre-treatment with growth factors. Levels of phospho-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) and phospho-AKT (Thr308) were determined by western blotting. Experiments were performed in triplicate, and columns represent the means ± SD of the band intensities normalized against β-actin bands expressed as fold changes relative to non-treated control cells (white column) (*P<0.05, vs. control cells; N.S., not significant). In PLC/PRF/5 cells, AKT was significantly phosphorylated by TGF-β.