Table 1.
Neuropsychological assessment before and 6 months after cranioplasty
| Tests | Results (preoperative) | Results (postoperative) |
|---|---|---|
| Neuropsychological assessment | ||
| WMS – Logical Memory II (immediate) |
13; below average | 24; below average |
| WMS – Logical Memory II (delayed) |
8; below average | 11; below average |
| WMS – VR (immediate) | 1; below average | 1; below average |
| WMS – VR (delayed) | 1; below average | 1; below average |
| RAVLT | ||
| (I) | 2 | 2 |
| (II) | 3 | 4 |
| (III) | 9 | 10 |
| (IV) | 7 | 10 |
| (V) | 7 (below average) | 12 (below average) |
| (B list) | 5 | 1 |
| (VI) | 4 | 6 |
| (VII) | 4 (4.1; below average) | 8 (2.3; below average) |
| FAS-test | 23 (1.6; below average) | 41 (0; average) |
| Verbal fluency | 13 (1.8; below average) | 17 (0.9; below average) |
| Digit span forward | 8; below average | 5; below average |
| Digit span backward | 5; below average | 4; below average |
| TMTA | 0; not completed | 3.1; below average |
| TMTB | 0; not completed | 9; below average |
| Arithmetics | 6; below average | 6; below average |
| Sequencing | 6; below average | 2; below average |
| Stroop test I | 3; below average | 4; below average |
| Stroop test II | 6; below average | 5; below average |
| Stroop test III | 1.3; below average | 0.1; below average |
| WMI-WAIS | 25; average | 11; below average |
| Cube copy test | 8; below average | 16; average |
| Complex rey figurea | 3.16; below average | 1.1; average |
| ISSLb | 10/7/10 | 2/4/4 |
| BDI | 17; mild | 5; minimal |
| BAI | 12; mild | 8; minimal |
| BHS | 0; minimal | 0; minimal |
| POD | 0; minimal | 0; minimal |
Notes:
The preoperative score was 3.16 times the standard deviation below the average of the expected score. The postoperative score was 1.1 time the standard deviation below the expected normal score, considering the average for this test.
Values shown are psychological symptoms/physical symptoms/psychological and physical symptoms.
Abbreviations: BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BHS, Beck Hopelessness Scale; FAS-Test, Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) – FAS Test; ISSL, Lipp Inventory of Stress Symptoms; POD, Pfeffer Outpatient Disability Scale; RAVLT, Ray Auditory Verbal Learning Test; TMTA, Trail Making Test Version A; TMTB, Trail Making Test Version B; VR, visual reproduction; WMI-WAIS, Working Memory Index from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; WMS, Wechsler Memory Scale.