Table 2.
Summary of case series reported
| Reference | Number of patients | TS symptoms improvement | Motor improvement | Aphasia improvement | Hemineglect improvement | Cognitive improvement | Functional evaluation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grant and Norcross12 | 83 (43 with TS) | 11 (25%) | 6 (14%) | – | – | 3 (7%) unspecified | – |
| Grantham and Landis15 | 100 (54 with TS) | 16 (29%) | – | Referred but not quantified | – | – | – |
| Tabaddor and LaMorgese16 | Case report | – | Positive | – | – | – | Dynamic brain scan |
| Yamaura and Makino13 | 33 (29 with TS) | – | 9 (31%) | – | – | – | CSF pressure and EEG |
| Nakamura et al34 | Case report | Positive | Positive | Positive | – | – | EEG |
| Fodstad et al20 | 40 | 22 (55%) | – | – | – | – | CSF infusion test |
| Richaud et al27 | 40 (15 with TS) | – | 8 (53%) | 1 (6%) | – | – | Xe133 inhalation |
| Segal et al22 | Case report | – | Positive | – | – | – | – |
| Ng and Dan35 | Case report | – | Positive | – | – | – | – |
| Schiffer et al36 | 5 | Headache improvement in one case | 4 (80%) | – | – | – | – |
| Winkler et al24 | 13 | – | 7 (53%) | 2 (15%) | 2 (15%) | 7 (53%) unspecified | PET and TCD |
| Gottlob et al43 | Case report | Positive | Positive | – | – | Positive, unspecified | – |
| Erdogan et al33 | 18 | 14 (77%) | 5 (27%) | – | – | – | TCD |
| Sugiyama et al44 | Case report | Positive | Positive | Positive | Positive | SPECT | |
| Kuo et al23 | 13 | – | 8 (61%) | – | – | – | TCD |
| Isago et al25 | Case report | Positive | Positive | Positive | – | – | Xenon CT |
| Kumar et al37 | Case report | – | Positive | – | – | – | – |
| Maeshima et al26 | Case report | – | – | – | Present | Positive, unspecified | SPECT |
| Sakamoto et al29 | Case report | – | Positive | – | – | – | Perfusion CT |
| Chieregato38 | Case report | Positive | Positive | Positive | – | – | – |
| Bijlenga et al42 | Case report | Positive | Positive (tremor) | – | – | – | Brainstem evoked potential |
| Han et al39 | Case report | – | – | – | – | Positive, unspecified | – |
| Stiver et al14 | 38 | – | 10 (26%) | – | – | – | Perfusion CT (two cases) |
| Joseph and Reilly40 | Case report | – | Positive | – | – | – | – |
| Kemmling et al30 | Case report | – | Positive | – | – | – | MR perfusion |
| Sarov et al41 | 27 (7 with TS) | 3 (11%) | 1 (3%) | – | – | – | – |
| Mokri49 | Case report | Positive | Positive | – | – | Positive | – |
| de Quintana-Schmidt et al50 | Case report | Positive | Positive | Positive | – | – | – |
| Carota et al51 | Case report | – | – | – | – | Positive | – |
Abbreviations: CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; CT, computed tomography; EEG, electroencephalography; PET, positron emission tomography; SPECT, single-photon emission computed tomography; TCD, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography; TS, trephine syndrome.