Table 1. Half maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) of raloxifene against Leishmania spp.

Leishmania species	Stagea	Condition (medium or buffer)	Time of incubation (hours)	EC50 ± SDb
L. amazonensis	P	M199	24	30.2±1.7
L. amazonensis	P	M199	2	30.6±1.0
L. amazonensis	P	HBSS+Glc	2	9.3±1.0
L. braziliensis	P	M199	24	38.0±8.4
L. donovani	P	M199	24	32.5±1.3
L. infantum chagasi	P	M199	24	30.9±0.5
L. major	P	M199	24	32.6±1.4
L. mexicana	P	M199	24	30.3±1.3
L. amazonensis	LA	RPMI	24	15.0±2.3
L. amazonensis	IA	RPMI	48	16.2±2.2
L. infantum chagasi	IA	RPMI	48	8.8±1.1

^aParasite form: P: promastigotes; LA: lesion derived amastigotes; IA: intracelullar amastigotes. Half maximal effective concentration against promastigotes and axenic lesion-derived amastigotes was determined through MTT or MTS as described [20]; activity against L. amazonensis and L. infantum chagasi intracellular amastigotes was determined through luciferase activity or microscopic counting, respectively, as described in Material and Methods.

^bThe results are expressed as the mean and standard deviation (± SD) of three independent experiments, each one performed in triplicate.