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. 2014 May 8;10(5):e1003614. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003614

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© 2014 Ronny Straube

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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(A) Schematic representation of reciprocal regulation in the PhoQ/PhoP [20] and NRII/NRI systems [21]. In both cases, an allosteric effector ( or PII) inhibits autophosphorylation of the sensor kinase and increases the enzyme's phosphatase activity. (B) Batchelor-Goulian model [11] based on the three activities of the sensor kinase (cf. Fig. 1): (1) Autophosphorylation of the sensor kinase (HK), (2) phosphotransfer to the response regulator (RR) and (3) dephosphorylation of the RR. Cofactors such as ATP are assumed to be constant. (C) Extension of the Batchelor-Goulian model to include reciprocal regulation of the HK's activities as schematized in (A). Binding of the allosteric effector (4) inhibits autophosphorylation (1) and activates the phosphatase activity (3) of the sensor kinase. For simplicity, the free form of the enzyme () is assumed to have no phosphatase activity whereas the effector-bound form () is assumed to have no autokinase activity.

Inline graphic — (A) Schematic representation of reciprocal regulation in the PhoQ/PhoP [20] and NRII/NRI systems [21]. In both cases, an allosteric effector ( or PII) inhibits autophosphorylation of the sensor kinase and increases the enzyme's phosphatase activity. (B) Batchelor-Goulian model [11] based on the three activities of the sensor kinase (cf. Fig. 1): (1) Autophosphorylation of the sensor kinase (HK), (2) phosphotransfer to the response regulator (RR) and (3) dephosphorylation of the RR. Cofactors such as ATP are assumed to be constant. (C) Extension of the Batchelor-Goulian model to include reciprocal regulation of the HK's activities as schematized in (A). Binding of the allosteric effector (4) inhibits autophosphorylation (1) and activates the phosphatase activity (3) of the sensor kinase. For simplicity, the free form of the enzyme () is assumed to have no phosphatase activity whereas the effector-bound form () is assumed to have no autokinase activity.