Figure 5. Levels of 6 weeks post-treatment GST-specific cytokines in children who remained un-infected and those who were re-infected within 18 months of treatment.

The levels GST-specific (pg/ml, untransformed) cytokines associated with innate inflammatory (top row), Th1 (second row), Th2 (third row), Th17 (fourth row) and regulatory (fifth row) responses produced 6 weeks after treatment by un-infected children (grey diamonds) and age, gender and pre-treatment infection intensity-matched children who were re-infected (red diamonds) within 18 months of treatment (i.e. ≥1 S. haematobium egg in any of their urine samples collected 6 months and 18 months post-treatment). Lines join age, sex and infection intensity matched pairs and details of the characteristics of each pair are provided in Table S3. Results of paired Wilcoxon comparison between un-infected (n = 7) and re-infected children (n = 7) are indicated, *p<0.05.