Table 2. Pearson's Chi-squared comparison of the percentage of participants producing detectable levels of GST-specific cytokines by gender, age group and S. haematobium infection status before anti-helminthic treatment.
| Gender | X2 (p) | Age group (years) | X2 (p) | Infection status | X2 (p) | ||||||
| Cytokine | Male (n = 94) | Female (n = 101) | df:1 | 4–9 (n = 77) | 10–12 (n = 34) | 13+ (n = 84) | df:2 | Un-infected (n = 93) | Infected (n = 102) | df:1 | |
| Innate Inflammatory | TNFα | 39.4 | 32.7 | 0.947 (0.331) | 44.2 | 26.5 | 32.1 | 4.110 (0.128) | 31.2 | 40.2 | 1.717 (0.190) |
| IL-6 | 74.5 | 64.4 | 2.337 (0.126) | 74.0 | 76.5 | 61.9 | 3.784 (0.151) | 74.2 | 64.7 | 2.056 (0.152) | |
| IL-8 | 43.6 | 35.6 | 1.295 (0.255) | 39.0 | 52.9 | 34.5 | 3.451 (0.178) | 43.0 | 36.3 | 0.924 (0.336) | |
| Th1 | IFNγ | 35.1 | 35.6 | 0.006 (0.938) | 36.4 | 38.2 | 33.3 | 0.308 (0.857) | 36.6 | 34.3 | 0.107 (0.743) |
| IL-2 | 28.7 | 24.8 | 0.393 (0.531) | 32.5 | 20.6 | 23.8 | 2.318 (0.134) | 25.8 | 27.5 | 0.067 (0.795) | |
| IL-12p70 | 39.4 | 29.7 | 2.014 (0.156) | 37.7 | 44.1 | 27.4 | 3.622 (0.164) | 37.6 | 31.4 | 0.846 (0.358) | |
| Th2 | IL-4 | 19.1 | 19.8 | 0.013 (0.908) | 32.5 | 14.7 | 9.5 | 14.079 (0.001 ** ) | 17.2 | 21.6 | 0.591 (0.442) |
| IL-5 | 39.4 | 40.6 | 0.031 (0.861) | 44.2 | 26.5 | 41.7 | 3.244 (0.197) | 40.9 | 39.2 | 0.055 (0.815) | |
| IL-13 | 31.9 | 31.7 | 0.001 (0.972) | 35.1 | 17.6 | 34.5 | 3.806 (0.149) | 33.3 | 30.4 | 0.194 (0.660) | |
| Th17 | IL-17A | 19.1 | 19.8 | 0.13 (0.908) | 22.1 | 20.6 | 16.7 | 0.782 (0.677) | 21.5 | 17.6 | 0.462 (0.497) |
| IL-21 | 51.1 | 44.6 | 0.827 (0.363) | 51.9 | 38.2 | 47.6 | 1.778 (0.411) | 48.4 | 47.1 | 0.034 (0.853) | |
| IL-23 | 58.5 | 55.4 | 0.187 (0.666) | 64.9 | 47.1 | 53.6 | 3.750 (0.153) | 62.4 | 52.0 | 2.148 (0.143) | |
| Regulatory | IL-10 | 38.3 | 37.6 | 0.009 (0.923) | 46.8 | 17.6 | 38.1 | 8.487 (0.014 * ) | 36.6 | 39.2 | 0.146 (0.703) |
Cytokines are categorised according to the cellular phenotype with which they are most commonly associated. Pearson's Chi-squared analysis: p-values<0.05 are indicated in bold and those significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparison are indicated by underlined text (correction conducted separately for each factor).
*p<0.05,
**p<0.01.