Figure 1. Experimental set-up for voles foraging in one of three artificial landscapes (4 m×2 m) with different risk levels and different spatial risk distributions.

SRU: safe, risk-uniform landscape, food patches and nest were offered below a ground cover, RH: risk-heterogeneous landscape, one food patch was exposed, one was covered, RRU: risky, risk-uniform landscape with both food patches exposed.