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. 2014 May 2;6:11. doi: 10.3389/fnsyn.2014.00011

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Copyright © 2014 Betts, Schweimer, Burnham, Burnet, Sharp and Harrison.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Dopamine (DA) and its metabolites DOPAC and HVA in medial frontal cortex (mPFC) after injection of sodium benzoate (SB), D-serine (DS), the combination (SB+DS), or vehicle (Veh), into the rat VTA. (A–C) Effects of sodium benzoate, showing increases in DA (A), DOPAC (B), and HVA (C). (D–F) Effects of D-serine, showing no effect on DA (D), but increases in DOPAC (E) and HVA (F). (G–I) Effects of combined sodium benzoate and D-serine, showing increases in DA (G) and no significant change in DOPAC (H) or HVA (I). The arrow in each panel denotes the time of injection. ^*p < 0.05; ^**p < 0.01; ^***p < 0.005.