Table 1.
Summary of 119 significantly differentially expressed (fold change ≥2.0 and p < 0.05) transcripts with BLAST results from O. nubilalis larvae in response to the ingestion of Cry1Ab protoxin.
| EST ID | NCBI EST database ID | Gene Homologs | Homolog GenBank Accession No. | Fold Change ± SE * |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bt toxin solubilization, activation, degradation or sequestration | ||||
| contig [0243] | GH998064.1 | trypsin precursor | AFM77760.1 | −2.69 ± 0.29 |
| contig [0389] | GH998056.1 | serine protease | AFM77769.1 | 8.39 ± 0.02 |
| contig [0770] | GH997442.1 | trypsin-like serine protease | AFM77762.1 | 3.16 ± 0.14 |
| contig [1207] | GH997507.1 | serine protease | AFM77770.1 | 7.67 ± 0.26 |
| contig [3704] | GH999118.1 | trypsin-like serine protease | AFM77754.1 | 6.36 ± 0.04 |
| contig [4768] | GH998250.1 | trypsin-like serine protease | AFM77753.1 | 10.75 ± 0.12 |
| contig [5740] | GH999046.1 | chymotrypsin-2 (chymotrypsin ii) | AFM77774.1 | 3.26 ± 0.19 |
| ECB-C-18_B11 | GH994018.1 | silk gland derived serine protease | AAR98920.2 | −2.63 ± 0.04 |
| contig [0115] | GH997328.1 | esterase FE4-like (Bombyx mori) | XP_004924612.1 | 3.69 ± 0.13 |
| contig [3820] | GH999448.1 | carboxylesterase (Helicoverpa armigera) | ADE05548.1 | −2.21 ± 0.12 |
| J-ECB-07_G03 | GH991809.1 | carboxylesterase (Loxostege sticticalis) | ACA50924.1 | 3.58 ± 0.06 |
| J-ECB-09_D02 | GH992373.1 | carboxylesterase (Spodoptera litura) | AEJ38204.1 | −3.31 ± 0.22 |
| ECB-17_F12 | GH998536.1 | carboxylesterase (Helicoverpa armigera) | ADD97156.1 | 3.99 ± 0.06 |
| ECB-27_F04 | GH999378.1 | carboxyl/cholinesterase 4A (Bombyx mori) | NP_001116814.1 | −2.83 ± 0.11 |
| Potential Bt toxin binding partners | ||||
| J-ECB-25_B09 | GH990771.1 | cadherin-like protein | ACK37450.1 | 2.85 ± 0.20 |
| ECB-V-05_D12 | GH994582.1 | aminopeptidase n3 | AEO12689.1 | −2.55 ± 0.23 |
| contig [4776] | GH998970.1 | aminopeptidase n2 | ACJ64828.1 | 2.17 ± 0.09 |
| contig [4879] | GH997475.1 | aminopeptidase n8 | ACV04931.1 | −2.31 ± 0.12 |
| contig [5858] | GH998639.1 | membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase (Ostrinia furnacalis) | AEM43806.1 | 2.23 ± 0.06 |
| Signal transduction | ||||
| contig [0492] | GH998299.1 | caspase-4 (Lymantria monacha) | AEK20829.1 | 2.36 ± 0.03 |
| ECB-10_C01 | GH997883.1 | pyridoxal kinase (Bombyx mori) | NP_001037440.1 | −2.99 ± 0.10 |
| contig [5143] | GH995296.1 | ctl2 antioxidant enzyme (Aedes aegypti) | XP_001661235.1 | 2.32 ± 0.04 |
| Transporter | ||||
| contig [0814] | GH998546.1 | sodium-bile acid cotransporter (Danaus plexippus) | EHJ73754.1 | −5.03 ± 0.05 |
| contig [1314] | GH993616.1 | potassium coupled amino acid transporter (Manduca sexta) | AAF18560.1 | −4.68 ± 0.16 |
| contig [4763] | GH998142.1 | sodium-bile acid cotransporter (Aedes aegypti) | XP_001662576.1 | −4.39 ± 0.10 |
| contig [5743] | GH993678.1 | amino acid transporter (Bombyx mori) | NP_001124343.1 | −5.40 ± 0.13 |
| ECB-21_C09 | GH998857.1 | sugar transporter (Danaus plexippus) | EHJ73890.1 | −2.46 ± 0.10 |
| J-ECB-39_E12 | GH992066.1 | sugar transporter (Culex quinquefasciatus) | XP_001862938.1 | −2.65 ± 0.25 |
| J-ECB-55_E04 | GH988996.1 | monocarboxylate transporter (Bombyx mori) | XP_004927805.1 | −3.40 ± 0.10 |
| Transcription factor and gene expression | ||||
| contig [3833] | GH993952.1 | DNA-binding nuclear protein p8 (Simulium guianense) | ACH56888.1 | 4.89 ± 0.09 |
| contig [4800] | GH998367.1 | endonuclease-reverse transcriptase (Bombyx mori) | ADI61826.1 | 2.49 ± 0.04 |
| ECB-V-26_F03 | GH996285.1 | histone H3.2-like (Meleagris gallopavo) | XP_003202254.1 | −2.04 ± 0.02 |
| contig [3869] | GH997175.1 | cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1 (Tribolium castaneum) | XP_972946.1 | −3.16 ± 0.06 |
| contig [5038] | GH991382.1 | MluI cell cycle box (MCB) Binding Factor 2 (Samia cynthia) | BAA34219.1 | 2.41 ± 0.11 |
| Metabolism | ||||
| Xenobiotics metabolism | ||||
| contig [0004] | GH992504.1 | glutathione S-transferase (Choristoneura fumiferana) | AAF23078.1 | −3.53 ± 0.45 |
| contig [2246] | GH991501.1 | glutathione S-transferase 16 (Helicoverpa armigera) | ACU09495.1 | −2.59 ± 0.57 |
| contig [0012] | GH987677.1 | microsomal glutathione transferase (Heliothis virescens) | ADH16761.1 | −2.19 ± 0.13 |
| ECB-C-03_D08 | GH992802.1 | cytochrome P450 monooxygenase cyp6ab4 (Bombyx mandarina) | NP_001073135.1 | −2.70 ± 0.08 |
| contig [5080] | GH996933.1 | cytochrome P450 monooxygenase cyp4m5(Bombyx mori) | NP_001103833.1 | 2.81 ± 0.11 |
| J-ECB-21_A02 | GH988690.1 | aliphatic nitrilase (Bombyx mori) | NP_001165388.1 | −2.43 ± 0.43 |
| Lipid metabolism | ||||
| J-ECB-35_D11 | GH990122.1 | alkaline ceramidase-like isoform 1 (Bombus terrestris) | XP_003393007.1 | −3.09 ± 0.37 |
| contig [0029] | GH998728.1 | acidic lipase (Helicoverpa armigera) | AFI64313.1 | −2.08 ± 0.04 |
| contig [0140] | GH998810.1 | neutral lipase (Helicoverpa armigera) | AFI64310.1 | −4.47 ± 0.11 |
| contig [1081] | GH998825.1 | neutral lipase (Helicoverpa armigera) | AFI64314.1 | −2.58 ± 0.05 |
| Lipid metabolism | ||||
| contig [1486] | GH997709.1 | C-5 sterol desaturase erg32-like (Bombyx mori) | XP_004922936.1 | −4.96 ± 0.13 |
| contig [1897] | GH997709.1 | C-5 sterol desaturase-like (Acyrthosiphon pisum) | XP_001947459.1 | −4.48 ± 0.02 |
| J-ECB-11_B07 | GH988922.1 | fatty acid-binding protein, muscle-like isoform 2 (Nasonia vitripennis) | XP_001608053.1 | −2.47 ± 0.10 |
| Carbohydrate metabolism | ||||
| contig [4242] | GH998158.1 | alpha-amylase 2 (Diatraea saccharalis) | AAP97393.1 | −2.21 ± 0.03 |
| contig [4425] | GH988573.1 | enolase (Antheraea pernyi) | ADO40102.1 | −2.36 ± 0.25 |
| ECB-V-12_H04 | GH995176.1 | enolase (Spodoptera litura) | AGQ53952.1 | −2.26 ± 0.02 |
| ECB-28_F02 | GH999466.1 | glucose phosphate dehydrogenase (Axia margarita) | ADW85328.1 | −3.05 ± 0.27 |
| contig [5232] | GH987506.1 | glycoside hydrolases (Aedes aegypti) | XP_001659854.1 | −2.31 ± 0.04 |
| contig [4123] | GH990084.1 | glucose and ribitol dehydrogenase-like (Bombyx mori) | XP_004922759.1 | −2.28 ± 0.10 |
| ECB-V-05_G12 | GH994609.1 | UDP-glycosyltransferase UGT33J1 (Helicoverpa armigera) | AEW43118.1 | −2.27 ± 0.07 |
| ECB-V-08_G03 | GH994852.1 | UDP-glycosyltransferase UGT33F1 (Helicoverpa armigera) | AEW43115.1 | −2.25 ± 0.07 |
| ECB-12_E11 | GH998082.1 | UDP-glycosyltransferase UGT40K1 (Bombyx mori) | AEW43171.1 | −3.62 ± 0.27 |
| ECB-V-19_F07 | GH995711.1 | glycosyltransferase 2 (Chilo suppressalis) | AGG36457.1 | −2.42 ± 0.02 |
| ECB-V-22_H08 | GH995978.1 | UDP-glycosyltransferase UGT40K1 (Bombyx mori) | AEW43171.1 | −2.80 ± 0.07 |
| Amino acid metabolism | ||||
| contig [4515] | GH987646.1 | gamma-glutamyl hydrolase A-like (Bombyx mori) | XP_004931467.1 | −2.50 ± 0.03 |
| J-ECB-24_G10 | GH990570.1 | methyltransferase (Mesobuthus caucasicus) | CAE53466.1 | 2.14 ± 0.03 |
| contig [5690] | GH988024.1 | farnesoic acid O-methyltransferase (Bombyx mori) | AGS17914.1 | 2.92 ± 0.07 |
| contig [1237] | GH989714.1 | farnesoic acid O-methyltransferase (Bombyx mori) | AGS17915.1 | 2.90 ± 0.05 |
| J-ECB-30_A09 | GH987906.1 | farnesoic acid O-methyltransferase (Bombyx mori) | AGS17914.1 | 2.91 ± 0.08 |
| contig [5679] | GH988679.1 | phosphoserine aminotransferase (Antheraea pernyi) | ADO79970.1 | −2.18 ± 0.08 |
| ECB-09_B04 | GH997795.1 | asparagine synthetase (Bombyx mori) | NP_001037414.1 | −2.38 ± 0.29 |
| Gut chitin metabolism | ||||
| contig [0188] | GH997506.1 | chitinase (Ostrinia nubilalis)chtinase 8 (Drosophila melanogaster) | ADB85578.1 | −2.74 ± 0.23 |
| ECB-V-28_H03 | GH996480.1 | chitin synthase (Ostrinia furnacalis) | ABB97082.1 | 2.16 ± 0.02 |
| ECB-C-05_D05 | GH992955.1 | glucosamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 2 (Culex quinquefasciatus) | XP_001848160.1 | −2.02 ± 0.01 |
| Other metabolic enzymes | ||||
| contig [0077] | GH998660.1 | caboxypeptidase 4 (Mamestra configurata) | ACN69214.1 | −2.25 ± 0.04 |
| contig [0009] | GH992549.1 | carboxypeptidase (Bombyx mori) | AFD99126.1 | −2.19 ± 0.05 |
| contig [0019] | GH998697.1 | plasma glutamate carboxypeptidase, partial (Spodoptera exigua) | AFM38216.1 | −3.16 ± 0.19 |
| J-ECB-33_G12 | GH989302.1 | juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase-like protein 1 (Bombyx mori) | NP_001159617.1 | −3.00 ± 0.06 |
| contig [0557] | GH998460.1 | juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (Spodoptera exigua) | ABD85119.1 | −2.17 ± 0.02 |
| contig [1953] | GH997798.1 | NADP-dependent oxidoreductase (Bombyx mori) | NP_001091765.1 | −3.27 ± 0.09 |
| contig [3531] | GH995654.1 | aldo-keto reductase (Aedes aegypti) | XP_001648461.1 | −2.23 ± 0.03 |
| contig [4521] | GH989023.1 | aldo-keto reductase (Bombyx mori) | ADQ89807.1 | −4.40 ± 0.60 |
| J-ECB-37_E05 | GH991174.1 | oxidoreductase (Acromyrmex echinatior) | EGI66780.1 | −2.37 ± 0.05 |
| contig [4410] | GH994481.1 | methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B1-like isoform X2 (Bombyx mori) | XP_004924661.1 | −2.46 ± 0.03 |
| contig [3814] | GH994966.1 | alcohol dehydrogenase (Bombyx mori) | ADM32152.1 | −2.07 ± 0.03 |
| gi_133906638 | EL929475.1 | retinol dehydrogenase 11-like (Bombyx mori) | XP_004926801.1 | −3.61 ± 0.62 |
| contig [5542] | GH997904.1 | acetyltransferase 1 (Danaus plexippus) | EHJ65205.1 | −2.98 ± 0.27 |
| J-ECB-39_F07 | GH992097.1 | cytidylate kinase (Bombyx mori) | NP_001040356.1 | −2.73 ± 0.06 |
| BM2_M13R_B12 | GH992538.1 | estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 8-like isoform X1 (Bombyx mori) | XP_004928638.1 | −2.09 ± 0.07 |
| Anti-bacterial related protein | ||||
| J-ECB-60_D07 | GH987186.1 | antibacterial protein (Heliothis virescens) | ACI02333.1 | 2.84 ± 0.07 |
| gi_133905829 | EL928679.1 | hinnavin II antibacterial peptides (Pieris rapae) | AAT94287.1 | 7.13 ± 0.22 |
| contig [2223] | GH996406.1 | peptidoglycan recognition protein C (Ostrinia nubilalis) | ADU33186.1 | 5.04 ± 0.07 |
| Others | ||||
| contig [0347] | GH987380.1 | fatty acid binding protein 1 (Manduca sexta) | P31416.1 | 6.89 ± 0.35 |
| ECB-V-18_A08 | GH995588.1 | Fatty acid-binding protein 2 (Danaus plexippus) | EHJ79280.1 | −4.19 ± 0.32 |
| contig [0028] | GH999333.1 | cytochrome b5 (Helicoverpa armigera) | ADU02195.1 | −2.70 ± 0.41 |
| contig [2048] | GH994666.1 | cytochrome b561 domain-containing protein 2-like (Bombyx mori) | XP_004933387.1 | 2.26 ± 0.03 |
| contig [4527] | GH989618.1 | cytochrome b561 domain-containing protein 1-like (Bombyx mori) | XP_004928254.1 | −7.89 ± 0.34 |
| ECB-11_E06 | GH997996.1 | peroxisomal membrane protein 11C-like (Bombyx mori) | XP_004925254.1 | −3.51 ± 0.23 |
| gi_133907290 | EL930112.1 | interferon-induced very large GTPase 1-like (Danio rerio) | XP_005163746.1 | 4.37 ± 0.27 |
| contig [0566] | GH993617.1 | fatty acid binding protein (Spodoptera litura) | AEH16743.1 | −2.17 ± 0.03 |
| contig [1640] | GH991677.1 | fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte-like (Bombyx mori) | XP_004930401.1 | −2.99 ± 0.14 |
| contig [2896] | GH987914.1 | lipid storage droplet protein 2 (Manduca sexta) | AEJ33049.1 | 2.28 ± 0.10 |
| contig [0407] | GH997662.1 | sensory appendage protein 3 (Manduca sexta) | AAF16707.1 | −17.04 ± 3.80 |
| J-ECB-08_B02 | GH991953.1 | putative chemosensory protein (Sesamia inferens) | AGY49266.1 | −9.26 ± 0.49 |
| ECB-19_G03 | GH998716.1 | nose resistant to fluoxetine protein 6-like (Bombyx mori) | XP_004929562.1 | 2.75 ± 0.01 |
| ECB-V-07_D03 | GH994735.1 | serine-rich adhesin for platelets-like (Ceratitis capitata) | XP_004536543.1 | 2.66 ± 0.05 |
| contig [5724] | EL928855.1 | silk protein P25 (Corcyra cephalonica) | ACX50393.1 | 33.34 ± 1.92 |
| contig [4952] | GH988655.1 | fibroin light chain (Haritalodes derogata) | AFS32690.1 | 53.91 ± 1.63 |
| ECB-02_H03 | GH997311.1 | saposin-like protein (Bombyx mori) | ADU03994.1 | −2.55 ± 0.35 |
| contig [5293] | GH997917.1 | trypsin inhibitor (Bombyx mori) | NP_001037044.1 | 90.23 ± 1.47 |
| contig [5386] | GH996141.1 | leukocyte surface antigen CD53-like isoform X5 (Bombyx mori) | XP_004926002.1 | 2.33 ± 0.06 |
| ECB-C-04_H06 | GH992916.1 | tetraspanin D107 (Plutella xylostella) | BAD52262.1 | 2.25 ± 0.03 |
| contig [5414] | GH997359.1 | polyubiquitin-C-like isoform X1 (Musca domestica) | XP_005179902.1 | 2.74 ± 0.09 |
| contig [1085] | GH992931.1 | larvae cuticle protein (Choristoneura fumiferana) | AFC88812.1 | −4.92 ± 0.36 |
| J-ECB-12_F09 | GH989631.1 | globin 1 (Bombyx mori) | NP_001136083.1 | −2.54 ± 0.40 |
| J-ECB-29_G03 | GH992468.1 | IST1 homolog (Bombyx mori) | XP_004931988.1 | 2.18 ± 0.07 |
| J-ECB-32_D06 | GH988574.1 | tetratricopeptide repeat protein 27-like (Bombyx mori) | XP_004930370.1 | −2.44 ± 0.01 |
| J-ECB-47_A02 | GH990851.1 | hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate-like (Bombyx mori) | XP_004932480.1 | 3.09 ± 0.62 |
| Others | ||||
| gi_133905779 | EL928629.1 | pantetheinase (Mamestra configurata) | AEA76314.1 | −3.36 ± 0.13 |
| ECB-19_B09 | GH998666.1 | vanin-like protein 2-like (Bombyx mori) | XP_004928912.1 | 2.56 ± 0.03 |
| J-ECB-14_H06 | GH990255.1 | circadian clock-controlled protein (Harpegnathos saltator) | EFN85083.1 | 2.27 ± 0.10 |
| ECB-V-26_F03 | GH996285.1 | Histone H3c (Culex quinquefasciatus) | XP_001862696.1 | −2.04 ± 0.02 |
| J-ECB-07_A03 | GH991471.1 | circadian clock-controlled protein-like (Bombyx mori) | XP_004932669.1 | 5.02 ± 0.46 |
| J-ECB-39_H09 | GH992207.1 | extracellular domains-containing protein CG31004-like isoform X2 (Bombyx mori) | XP_004925419.1 | 2.15 ± 0.02 |
| ECB-V-25_C10 | GH996179.1 | conserved hypothetical protein (Culex quinquefasciatus) | XP_001845252.1 | 2.29 ± 0.08 |
* The fold change and its standard errors (SE) were calculated based on five probes of the same transcript in the O. nubilalis larvae fed the artificial diet containing Cry1Ab protoxin and in the control larvae fed artificial diet without the protoxin. The symbol “−” before the fold change indicates down regulation of the transcript in the gut of O. nubilalis larvae fed on Cry1Ab protoxin. The values of the fold change in the last column are bolded if they are >10-fold.