Figure 4.

Array of batch-calculated BMDLs for the critical effects observed in studies of nitroguanidine compared with the IRIS NOAEL and RfD (A), and array of batch-calculated BMDs for selected chemicals compared with RfDs and PODs reported in human health assessments (B). Yellow circles indicate batch-calculated BMDs and BMDLs; orange circles indicate RfDs based on batch-calculated BMDLs. Uncertainty factors: UF_A, interspecies uncertainty; UF_D, database incompleteness; UF_H, intraspecies variability; UF_S, subchronic to chronic extrapolation. ^aReduced body weight gain. ^bRetarded ossification of pubis. ^c< 3 sternebrae ossified. ^d< 3 caudal vertebra ossified. ^eReduced weight gain in female rats. ^fReduced weight gain in female rats. ^gRetarded ossification of pubis. ^h< 3 caudal vertebra ossified. ⁱ< 3 sternebrae ossified. ^jReduced body weight gain. ^kMaternal toxicity. ^lRenal lesions (glomerulosclerosis). ^mDecreased delayed hypersensitivity response. ⁿRenal tubule regeneration. ^oIncreased splenic weight. ^pRenal cytomegaly. ^qNest-like infolds of the nasal respiratory epithelium. ^rChronic irritation. ^sLung adenoma or carcinoma (combined). ^tHemosiderin deposition in the liver. ^uIncreased mortality. ^vLung and kidney histopathology. ^wReduced offspring body weight.