Table 3. Odds ratios for diabetic micro‐ and macroangiopathies with anemia by a logistic regression analysis.
| Grade 1 anemia | Grade 2 anemia | Total (grade 1 + 2) anemia | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wald χ2 score | OR (95% CI) | P | Wald χ2 score | OR (95% CI) | P | Wald χ2 score | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Unadjusted | |||||||||
| Nephropathy | 33.5 | 2.22 (1.70–2.91) | <0.01 | 40.2 | 4.60 (2.90–7.48) | <0.01 | 59.1 | 2.65 (2.07–3.40) | <0.01 |
| Retinopathy | 28.4 | 2.70 (1.94–3.77) | <0.01 | 34.6 | 4.77 (2.73–8.67) | <0.01 | 51.9 | 3.07 (2.27–4.17) | <0.01 |
| Neuropathy | 10.1 | 2.12 (1.35–3.42) | <0.01 | 8.6 | 4.01 (1.74–11.6) | <0.01 | 16.6 | 2.43 (1.61–3.78) | 0.01 |
| CVD | 15.3 | 1.98 (1.40–2.78) | <0.01 | 0.4 | 1.22 (0.64–2.17) | 0.52 | 11.8 | 1.76 (1.27–2.42) | <0.01 |
| CHD | 22.7 | 2.20 (1.58–3.03) | <0.01 | 23.4 | 3.21 (1.98–5.12) | <0.01 | 33.4 | 2.40 (1.78–3.22) | <0.01 |
| PAD | 13.7 | 3.56 (1.82–7.07) | <0.01 | 27.6 | 8.93 (4.16–19.0) | <0.01 | 23.3 | 4.49 (2.48–8.47) | <0.01 |
| Adjusted* | |||||||||
| Retinopathy | 11.4 | 1.93 (1.31–2.82) | <0.01 | 3.8 | 1.97 (1.00–3.98) | 0.049 | 13.1 | 1.93 (1.35–2.77) | <0.01 |
| Neuropathy | 0.4 | 1.18 (0.71–2.00) | 0.53 | 2.8 | 2.56 (0.95–9.00) | 0.09 | 1.4 | 1.35 (0.83–2.23) | 0.23 |
| CVD | 0.8 | 1.20 (0.81–1.75) | 0.36 | 1.7 | 0.62 (0.29–1.23) | 0.19 | 0.2 | 1.07 (0.74–1.55) | 0.72 |
| CHD | 7.4 | 1.64 (1.15–2.34) | <0.01 | 8.1 | 2.28 (1.29–3.98) | <0.01 | 10.6 | 1.74 (1.25–2.45) | <0.01 |
| PAD | 4.1 | 2.13 (1.02–4.52) | 0.04 | 6.0 | 3.50 (1.30–9.19) | 0.01 | 5.6 | 2.33 (1.17–4.78) | <0.01 |
| Adjusted** | |||||||||
| Retinopathy | 10.1 | 2.13 (1.34–3.42) | <0.01 | 0.1 | 0.93 (0.41–2.16) | 0.86 | 8.4 | 1.92 (1.24–2.98) | <0.01 |
| Neuropathy | 0.0 | 1.02 (0.581.81) | 0.95 | 1.3 | 2.07 (0.67–9.11) | 0.26 | 0.1 | 1.10 (0.64–1.91) | 0.73 |
| CVD | 0.2 | 1.10 (0.67–1.81) | 0.70 | 1.6 | 0.57 (0.22–1.31) | 0.19 | 0.0 | 0.98 (0.60– .55) | 0.89 |
| CHD | 5.5 | 1.82 (1.09–2.71) | 0.02 | 2.2 | 1.70 (0.83–3.37) | 0.14 | 7.7 | 1.88 (1.19–2.80) | <0.01 |
| PAD | 4.1 | 2.18 (1.03–6.11) | 0.04 | 5.2 | 2.74 (1.16–8.27) | 0.03 | 4.2 | 2.44 (1.02–6.34) | 0.04 |
CHD, coronary heart disease; CI, confidence interval; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; OR, odds ratio; PAD, peripheral arterial disease.
*Adjusted by age, sex, body mass index, use of angiotensin II receptor blocker, estimated glomerular filtration rate and stage of diabetic nephropathy (DN stage I, II and III + IV).
**Adjusted by age, sex, body mass index, duration of diabetes mellitus, current plus past smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, use of ARB, estimated glomerular filtration rate and stage of diabetic nephropathy (DN stage I, II, and III + IV).