Susceptibility genes or loci for type 1 diabetes identified by candidate gene approach and/or genome‐wide association study (GWAS). Genes or loci for type 1 diabetes are shown relative to the year when convincing evidence was reported. HLA, INS, CTLA4, PTPN22 and IL2RA (CD25) were identified by candidate gene approach. IFIH1 was identified by genome‐wide association study (GWAS) with non‐synonymous SNPs, and the rest were identified by GWAS. Note that most gene symbols reported by GWAS are markers associated with the disease, but not necessarily actual genes or causal variants responsible for the disease.