Table 4. Significant association of subjective symptoms and Achilles tendon reflex with clinical background characteristics, defined types of diabetic symmetric polyneuropathy and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy by American Diabetes Association statement and quantitative nerve functions.
| Clinical background | Defined types of DSPN and CAN Probable ConfirmedPossible Advanced | Quantitative nerve functions | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Age | Duration | Retinopathy | HbA1c | DSPN | DSPN | CAN | CAN | MCV | FCV | SCV | SNAP | CVdb | ΔBP | VPT125 | |
| Subjective symptoms | ||||||||||||||||
| Numbness in toes and soles | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | |||
| Paresthesia in toe and sole | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | ||
| Numbness in hands | • | • | • | |||||||||||||
| Pain in feet | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | ||||
| Pain in hands | • | • | • | • | • | • | ||||||||||
| Coldness in legs | • | |||||||||||||||
| Painful leg cramp | • | |||||||||||||||
| Dizziness on standing | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||||
| Sweating restricted to face/trunk | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | ||||
| Frequent constipation/diarrhea | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||
| Objective nerve function test | ||||||||||||||||
| Diminished Achilles tendon reflexes | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | ||
(•) Significant association was observed. ΔBP: a fall in systolic blood pressure during head‐up tilt; CAN, cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy; CVdb, coefficient of variation of R‐R intervals in electrocardiogram; DSPN, diabetic symmetric polyneuropathy; FCV, F wave conduction velocity; MCV, motor nerve conduction velocity; SCV, sensory nerve conduction velocity; SNAP, sensory nerve action potential during deep breathing; VPT125; 125 Hz quantitative vibratory perception threshold at the big toe.