Table 5. Prevalence of subjective symptoms in 593 diabetic out‐ and inpatients of Wakayama Medical University Hospital (WMUH): Investigation 1, 999 diabetic outpatients of WMUH survey, 1524 diabetic male outpatients in the Nationwide survey and 501 non‐diabetic subjects in the Control survey (including 311 male non‐diabetic subjects: Male Control survey).
| Investigation 1 | WMUH survey | Nationwide survey | Control survey | Male control survey | Comparison between the surveys | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Interviewed DM patients) n = 593 (%) | (DM patients) n = 965 (%) | (Male DM patients) n = 1524 (%) | (Non‐DM subjects) n = 500 (%) | (Male non‐DM subjects) n = 311 (%) | Investigation 1 vs WMUH survey P‐value | WMUH vs Nationwide P‐value | WMUH vs Control P‐value | Nationwide vs Male Control P‐value | |
| Numbness in toe and sole | |||||||||
| No symptom | 402 (67.8) | 705 (73.1) | 1206 (78.1) | 468/499 (93.8) | 292 (93.9) | ||||
| Unilateral | 26 (4.4) | 78 (8.1) | ND | 21/499 (4.2) | 13 (42) | 0.0045 | NE | 0.0051 | NE |
| Bilateral | 165 (27.8) | 182 (18.8) | 318 (20.9) | 10/499 (2.0) | 6 (1.9) | <0.0001 | 0.22 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Paresthesia in toe and sole | |||||||||
| No symptom | 480 (80.9) | 765/950 (80.5) | 1330 (87.3) | 481/498 (96.6) | 297/309 (96.1) | ||||
| Unilateral | 13 (2.2) | 32/950 (3.4) | ND | 6/498 (1.2) | 3/309 (1.0) | 0.18 | NE | 0.46 | NE |
| Bilateral | 100 (16.9) | 153/950 (16.1) | 193 (12.7) | 11/498 (2.2) | 9/309 (2.9) | 0.70 | 0.0164 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Numbness in hand | |||||||||
| No symptom | 494 (83.3) | 748/954 (78.4) | ND | 448 (89.6) | 275 (88.4) | ||||
| Unilateral | 29 (4.9) | 83/954 (8.7) | ND | 31 (6.2) | 22 (7.1) | 0.0049 | NE | 0.09 | NE |
| Bilateral | 70 (11.8) | 123/954 (12.9) | ND | 21 (4.2) | 14 (4.5) | 0.53 | NE | <0.0001 | NE |
| Pain in foot | |||||||||
| No symptom | 505 (85.2) | 829/938 (88.4) | 1363 (89.4) | 479/497 (96.4) | 297/309 (96.1) | ||||
| Unilateral | 13 (2.2) | 36/938 (3.8) | ND | 13/497 (2.6) | 8/309 (2.6) | 0.07 | NE | 0.23 | NE |
| Bilateral | 75 (12.6) | 73/938 (7.8) | 161 (10.6) | 5/497 (1.0) | 4/309 (1.3) | 0.0017 | 0.0327 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Pain in hand | |||||||||
| No symptom | 571 (96.3) | 856/951 (90.0) | ND | 484/498 (97.2) | 303/309 (98.0) | ||||
| Unilateral | 7 (1.2) | 34/951 (3.6) | ND | 7/498 (1.4) | 3/309 (1.0) | 0.0044 | NE | 0.0180 | NE |
| Bilateral | 15 (2.5) | 61/951 (6.4) | ND | 7/498 (1.4) | 3/309 (1.0) | 0.0006 | NE | <0.0001 | NE |
| Coldness in legs | |||||||||
| No symptom | 119/176 (67.6) | 652/951 (68.6) | 1250 (82.0) | 420/499 (83.4) | 286/310 (92.3) | ||||
| Symptomatic | 57/176 (32.4) | 299/951 (31.4) | 274 (18.0) | 79/499 (15.8) | 24/310 (7.7) | 0.80 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Painful leg cramp | |||||||||
| No symptom | 403 (72.7) | 491/955 (51.4) | 1130 (74.1) | 338/498 (67.9) | 218/309 (70.6) | ||||
| Symptomatic | 151 (27.3) | 464/955 (48.6) | 394 (25.9) | 160/498 (32.1) | 91/309 (29.4) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.15 |
| Dizziness on standing | |||||||||
| No symptom | 447/587 (76.2) | 664/926 (71.7) | 1277 (83.8) | 399/496 (80.4) | 273/308 (88.6) | ||||
| Symptomatic | 140/587 (23.8) | 262/926 (28.3) | 247 (16.2) | 97/496 (19.6) | 35/308 (11.4) | 0.06 | <0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.0317 |
| Sweating restricted to face/trunk | |||||||||
| No symptom | 464/586 (79.2) | 713/925 (77.1) | 1291 (84.7) | 451/495 (91.1) | 285/309 (92.2) | ||||
| Symptomatic | 122/586 (20.8) | 212/925 (22.9) | 233 (15.3) | 44/495 (8.9) | 24/309 (7.8) | 0.34 | < 0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0006 |
| Frequent constipation/diarrhea | |||||||||
| No symptom | 518/586 (88.4) | 570/951 (59.9) | 1262 (82.8) | 362/494 (73.3) | 244/309 (79.0) | ||||
| Symptomatic | 68/586 (11.6) | 381/951 (40.1) | 262 (17.2) | 132/494 (26.7) | 65/309 (21.0) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.09 |
Prevalence of symptoms was analyzed by chi‐squared test for 2 × 2 contingency table. Bilateral and unilateral symptoms was separately analyzed in the comparisons of Investigation 1 vs Wakayama Medical University Hospital (WMUH) survey and WMUH survey vs Control surveys. DM, diabetes mellitus; ND, no data; NE, not examined because of no data.
Statistically significant P‐values (<0.05) were shown by boldfaced type.