Table 2. Associations between retinal vessel calibers and various indices of the prevalence of obesity in the Funagata study population.
| Indices of obesity | n | Affected (%) | Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | P‐value | Age and sex adjusted | P‐value | Multivariable‐adjusted* | P‐value | |||
| Per 1 SD decrease in central retinal artery equivalent | ||||||||
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) | 900 | 316 (35.1) | 0.99 (0.85–1.14) | 0.98 (0.85–1.12) | 0.99 (0.82–1.20) | |||
| Overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2) | 900 | 518 (57.6) | 0.92 (0.81–1.05) | 0.90 (0.79–1.03) | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) | |||
| High waist hip ratio (WHR > 0.90 for men, >0.85 for women) | 883 | 308 (34.9) | 1.07 (0.93–1.23) | 0.98 (0.85–1.14) | 1.08 (0.89–1.31) | |||
| Central obesity (2006 IDF definition; 85 cm for men, ≥90 cm for women) | 883 | 197 (22.3) | 0.97 (0.82–1.13) | 0.93 (0.77–1.11) | 1.10 (0.87–1.40) | |||
| Central obesity (updated IDF definition; ≥90 cm for men, ≥80 cm for women) | 883 | 242 (27.4) | 1.00 (0.86–1.16) | 0.95 (0.81–1.10) | 1.09 (0.89–1.33) | |||
| High body fat percentage (≥25% for men, ≥30% for women) | 901 | 324 (36.0) | 1.02 (0.89–1.17) | 1.02 (0.89–1.17) | 1.07 (0.89–1.29) | |||
| Per 1 SD increase of central retinal vein equivalent | ||||||||
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) | 900 | 316 (35.1) | 1.16 (1.01–1.33) | 0.04 | 1.18 (1.02–1.35) | 0.024 | 1.16 (0.96–1.41) | |
| Overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2) | 900 | 518 (57.6) | 1.22 (1.07–1.39) | 0.003 | 1.24 (1.08–1.42) | 0.002 | 1.17 (0.98–1.41) | |
| High waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR > 0.90 for men, >0.85 for women) | 883 | 308 (34.9) | 1.13 (0.98–1.30) | 1.21 (1.04–1.40) | 0.011 | 1.25 (1.03–1.51) | 0.023 | |
| Central obesity (2006 IDF definition; ≥85 cm for men, ≥90 cm or women) | 883 | 197 (22.3) | 1.37 (1.16–1.62) | <0.001 | 1.34 (1.12–1.61) | 0.002 | 1.40 (1.09–1.78) | 0.007 |
| Central obesity (updated IDF definition; ≥90 cm for men, ≥80 cm for women) | 883 | 242 (27.4) | 1.22 (1.05–1.42) | 0.011 | 1.32 (1.13–1.54) | 0.001 | 1.39 (1.13–1.71) | 0.002 |
| High body fat percentage (≥25% for men, ≥30% for women) | 901 | 324 (36.0) | 1.11 (0.96–1.27) | 1.15 (0.99–1.32) | 1.17 (0.97–1.41) | |||
BMI, body mass index; IDF, International Diabetes Federation; WHR, waist‐to‐hip ratio. *Multivariable‐adjusted model: adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, mean arterial blood pressure, total plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and fasting plasma glucose.