Table 1. Baseline characteristics according to treatment group.
| Placebo | Ginsam 1500 mg | Ginsam 2000 mg | Ginsam 3000 mg | P* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Age (years) | 54.8 | 10.0 | 52.7 | 11.0 | 52.7 | 10.0 | 51.1 | 8.6 | NS |
| Male n (%)† | 11 | 61.1 | 9 | 50 | 11 | 61.1 | 13 | 72.2 | NS |
| Duration of diabetes | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 2.9 | NS |
| Height (cm) | 163.7 | 8.3 | 163.0 | 7.5 | 165.4 | 6.5 | 166.2 | 6.8 | NS |
| Weight (kg) | 67.9 | 8.6 | 70.2 | 15.2 | 65.9 | 9.3 | 70.2 | 7.8 | NS |
| SBP (mmHg) | 125.9 | 16.0 | 125.2 | 9.8 | 126.2 | 12.3 | 122.9 | 13.0 | NS |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76.3 | 10.1 | 75.6 | 8.2 | 78.2 | 8.6 | 79.2 | 11.3 | NS |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.3 | 1.9 | 26.3 | 4.8 | 24.0 | 2.6 | 25.4 | 2.7 | NS |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 89.9 | 6.7 | 91.6 | 9.8 | 86.3 | 8.8 | 88.8 | 7.0 | NS |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 8.25 | 1.80 | 9.15 | 2.24 | 9.54 | 1.96 | 8.95 | 1.49 | NS |
| Postload 2‐h glucose (mmol/l) | 15.51 | 2.84 | 17.52 | 4.83 | 16.57 | 4.84 | 16.82 | 4.12 | NS |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | 68.76 | 29.17 | 80.56 | 39.59 | 65.98 | 30.56 | 84.03 | 45.84 | NS |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.6 | 0.4 | 7.8 | 1.3 | 7.8 | 1.2 | 7.7 | 0.8 | NS |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 60 | 7 | 62 | 12 | 62 | 13 | 61 | 9 | NS |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.04 | 0.80 | 5.68 | 1.06 | 5.31 | 1.07 | 5.23 | 0.78 | NS |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.67 | 0.53 | 2.00 | 1.03 | 1.67 | 0.73 | 2.05 | 1.63 | NS |
| HDL‐cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.45 | 0.28 | 1.35 | 0.36 | 1.32 | 0.47 | 1.21 | 0.28 | NS |
| LDL‐cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.62 | 0.61 | 3.03 | 0.74 | 2.92 | 0.80 | 2.82 | 0.59 | NS |
| AST (IU/L) | 24.1 | 7.7 | 26.3 | 7.3 | 24.3 | 6.8 | 23.4 | 8.9 | NS |
| ALT (IU/L) | 26.4 | 12.5 | 33.2 | 11.8 | 27.2 | 10.2 | 27.0 | 13.7 | NS |
| γGT (IU/L) | 44.1 | 35.9 | 55.5 | 38.5 | 43.2 | 36.5 | 37.9 | 17.0 | NS |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.02 | 0.19 | 0.98 | 0.21 | 0.92 | 0.17 | 0.96 | 0.08 | NS |
| HOMA‐IR | 3.8 | 2.1 | 4.7 | 2.5 | 4.1 | 2.0 | 4.9 | 2.9 | NS |
| HOMA‐B | 43.5 | 14.3 | 47.8 | 29.7 | 34.1 | 17.9 | 46.4 | 26.7 | NS |
| QUICKI | 0.54 | 0.07 | 0.51 | 0.05 | 0.53 | 0.06 | 0.51 | 0.07 | NS |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 0.14 | 0.29 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.13 | NS |
| TNF‐α (pg/mL) | 7.9 | 3.5 | 8.9 | 5.8 | 7.3 | 5.7 | 8.5 | 8.1 | NS |
| IL‐6 (pg/mL) | 24.2 | 29.3 | 25.5 | 30.6 | 31.5 | 43.7 | 24.0 | 22.4 | NS |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | 8.6 | 4.4 | 9.4 | 6.4 | 9.4 | 4.1 | 9.1 | 5.0 | NS |
| Leptin (pg/mL) | 9.2 | 11.8 | 9.5 | 9.3 | 7.7 | 5.1 | 8.7 | 11.0 | NS |
| Antihypertensive med.† | 3 | 16.7% | 2 | 11.1% | 3 | 16.7% | 2 | 11.1% | NS |
| Lipid lowering med.† | 2 | 11.1% | 1 | 5.6% | 2 | 11.1% | 3 | 16.7% | NS |
*Significant difference between groups by one‐way anova. †Data are n and %. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; CRP, c‐reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; γGT, γ‐glutamyl transferase; HOMA‐B, homeostasis model assessment for β‐cell function; HOMA‐IR, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; IL‐6, interleukin‐6; med., medication; NS, not significant; QUICKI, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TNF‐α, tumor necrosis factor‐α.