Table 2. Changes of anthropometric and biochemical parameters after 8 weeks of Ginsam treatment.
| Placebo | Ginsam 1500 mg | Ginsam 2000 mg | Ginsam 3000 mg | P* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| ΔSBP (mmHg) | −0.55 | 12.33 | 1.22 | 10.91 | 1.55 | 14.18 | −1.75 | 10.51 | NS |
| ΔDBP (mmHg) | −1.45 | 6.74 | 1.56 | 7.04 | 3.27 | 5.62 | −2.83 | 9.90 | NS |
| ΔBMI (kg/m2) | 0.06 | 0.94 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.06 | 0.45 | 0.23 | 0.42 | NS |
| ΔWaist circumference (cm) | 0.50 | 2.12 | 0.79 | 1.20 | 0.89 | 3.12 | −0.33 | 3.99 | NS |
| ΔFasting glucose (mmol/L) | 0.12 | 1.62 | 1.19 | 0.85 | 0.79 | 1.28 | 0.38 | 0.91 | A |
| Δ2‐h PG (mmol/L) | 1.18 | 1.62 | 2.32 | 3.01 | 1.03 | 2.36 | 1.73 | 2.79 | NS |
| ΔHbA1c (%) | 0.02 | 0.43 | 0.56 | 0.62 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.29 | 0.34 | A |
| ΔInsulin (pmol/L) | −0.35 | 33.06 | 5.07 | 30.14 | −5.49 | 22.71 | −4.10 | 16.74 | NS |
| ΔTotal cholesterol (mmol/L) | −0.05 | 0.88 | 0.37 | 0.72 | 0.18 | 0.74 | 0.24 | 0.69 | NS |
| ΔTriglycerides (mmol/L) | −0.05 | 0.40 | 0.15 | 1.02 | 0.11 | 0.53 | 0.18 | 1.03 | NS |
| ΔHDL‐cholesterol (mmol/l) | 0.04 | 0.19 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.12 | NS |
| ΔLDL‐cholesterol (mmol/L) | −0.06 | 0.61 | 0.24 | 0.37 | 0.17 | 0.42 | 0.25 | 0.67 | NS |
| ΔAST (IU/L) | 2.36 | 4.50 | 5.11 | 4.34 | 1.00 | 4.36 | 4.92 | 5.14 | NS |
| ΔALT (IU/L) | 3.91 | 6.12 | 8.89 | 10.24 | 2.09 | 6.80 | 7.38 | 11.67 | NS |
| ΔγGT (IU/L) | 2.27 | 14.04 | 15.33 | 30.98 | 5.00 | 11.09 | −3.15 | 18.15 | NS |
| ΔCreatinine (mg/dL) | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.09 | −0.16 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.12 | NS |
| ΔHOMA‐IR | 0.25 | 1.89 | 0.66 | 1.32 | −0.24 | 2.20 | −0.06 | 1.19 | NS |
| ΔHOMA‐B | −5.25 | 27.87 | −2.87 | 26.14 | −6.29 | 9.62 | −4.84 | 10.24 | NS |
| ΔQUICKI | 0.01 | 0.07 | −0.02 | 0.06 | −0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.03 | NS |
| ΔhsCRP (mg/L) | −0.01 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.28 | 0.06 | 0.17 | −0.01 | 0.09 | NS |
| ΔTNF‐α (pg/mL) | −0.09 | 3.21 | 2.48 | 2.32 | 1.73 | 1.80 | 2.20 | 3.42 | A,C |
| ΔIL‐6 (pg/mL) | 1.72 | 10.41 | 10.11 | 12.83 | 8.44 | 19.19 | 7.06 | 14.91 | NS |
| ΔAdiponectin (μg/mL) | −0.47 | 2.05 | −0.50 | 2.27 | −0.70 | 1.34 | −1.19 | 3.74 | NS |
| ΔLeptin (pg/mL) | 0.67 | 2.54 | 0.18 | 2.38 | 0.38 | 2.76 | −0.53 | 2.08 | NS |
*Statistical significance by anova between groups. Post‐hoc analysis by least‐significant difference (mean difference between groups, P < 0.05 in all cases). A, placebo vs 1500 mg; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST aspartate aminotransferase; B, placebo vs 2000 mg; C, placebo vs 3000 mg; γGT, γ‐glutamyl transferase; HOMA‐B, homeostasis model assessment for β‐cell function; HOMA‐IR, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; IL‐6, interleukin‐6; PG, postload glucose; QUICKI, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; TNF‐α, tumor necrosis factor‐α.