Table 2.  Raw‐scores of neuropsychological functions in the type 2 diabetes and control samples.

	Type 2 diabetic group Mean (SD)	Non‐diabetic control group Mean (SD)	P‐value
Attention and working memory
Digit span forward	6.5 (2.2)	7.2 (1.9)	0.149
Digit span backward	5.6 (1.7)	6.5 (1.4)	0.016*
Processing speed
TMT part A	125.8 (49.2)	100.1 (29.3)	0.011*
TMT part B	161.4 (71.0)	124.5 (36.1)	0.005**
Digit symbol	49.3 (11.4)	59.6 (10.1)	<0.001***
Verbal memory
RAVLT total trials 1–5	41.4 (8.5)	46.6 (9.9)	0.017*
RAVLT trial 1	4.5 (1.2)	5.8 (1.8)	0.001**
RAVLT trail 2	7.3 (1.9)	8.2 (2.5)	0.068
RAVLT trail 3	8.8 (2.3)	10.0 (2.7)	0.057
RAVLT trail 4	10.1 (2.4)	11.0 (2.4)	0.089
RAVLT trial 5	10.7 (2.2)	11.7 (2.0)	0.059
RAVLT delayed trial	8.6 (2.9)	9.7 (3.2)	0.121
RAVLT recognition trial	14.0 (1.7)	13.8 (1.6)	0.785
Logical memory A	17.8 (6.7)	21.5 (6.8)	0.023*
Logical memory B	12.6 (5.6)	16.5 (6.1)	0.005**
Visuospatial memory
ROCFT delayed recall trial	15.9 (6.1)	17.6 (6.3)	0.236
Visuoconstruction
ROCFT copy trial	33.7 (2.4)	34.6 (1.9)	0.098
Executive function
KWCST category	3.2 (2.0)	4.2 (1.8)	0.045*
KWCST perseveration	6.9 (6.9)	3.2 (3.7)	0.008**
Verbal fluency category	25.7 (6.5)	31.3 (7.3)	0.001***
Verbal fluency letter	24.1 (9.2)	29.7 (9.5)	0.013*

*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.

TMT, Trail Making Test; RAVLT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; ROCFT, Rey‐Osterrieth Complex Figure Test; WCST, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.