Table 1.  Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations after a carbohydrate (200‐g boiled white rice) challenge in the four 1‐deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) dose groups (study 1).

Parameter/Group	Baseline	30 min	60 min	90 min	120 min	P*
Glucose (mg/dL)
0 mg DNJ (Placebo)	110 ± 10	145 ± 28a	171 ± 40	162 ± 37	158 ± 37	0.006
3 mg DNJ	117 ± 13	131 ± 21a,b	171 ± 36	174 ± 38	157 ± 29
6 mg DNJ	116 ± 19	121 ± 19b	166 ± 28	178 ± 34	146 ± 41
9 mg DNJ	108 ± 9	114 ± 12b	147 ± 23	160 ± 37	151 ± 45
Insulin (μU/mL)
0 mg DNJ (Placebo)	8.0 ± 2.2	15.8 ± 6.8a	26.0 ± 17.2	27.7 ± 19.7	28.8 ± 14.5	0.395
3 mg DNJ	9.5 ± 6.8	11.1 ± 4.5b	18.9 ± 9.7	29.0 ± 17.7	26.2 ± 13.0
6 mg DNJ	8.1 ± 3.9	9.2 ± 1.9b	18.7 ± 7.8	25.3 ± 11.5	25.2 ± 10.8
9 mg DNJ	7.3 ± 1.4	10.0 ± 3.1b	17.5 ± 7.4	21.9 ± 7.0	24.7 ± 13.6

Data are mean ± SD (n = 10). *Two‐way anova, group × time interaction. Values with different superscript letters at a time point are significantly different at P < 0.05 by paired t‐test with Bonferroni correction.