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. 2013 Dec 9;16(6):647–654. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntt201

Table 1.

Sample Characteristics by Baseline Hookah Nonsmokers and Hookah Tobacco Smoking

Characteristic Baseline hookah nonsmokers (n = 365)a Hookah tobacco smoking initiationb
Yesc (n = 46) Noc (n = 319) p valued
n (%) % %
Age, years
 18 146 (41) 48 40 .41
 19 108 (30) 34 30
 20 17 (5) 2 5
 21 and above 86 (24) 16 25
Sex
 Female 168 (46) 48 46 .81
 Male 196 (54) 52 54
Race
 White 245 (68) 73 68 .90
 Black 41 (11) 11 11
 Asian/Pacific Islander 51 (14) 11 15
 Other 21 (6) 5 6
Enrollment status
 Undergraduate 276 (77) 84 76 .23
 Graduate 83 (23) 16 24
Fraternity/sorority
 Nonmember 340 (93) 89 94 .27
 Member 25 (7) 11 6
Residence
 Off-campus housing 220 (61) 64 61 .71
 On-campus housing 140 (39) 36 39

Note. aThis number includes only subjects who had data for baseline and follow-up.

bDefined as never having smoked tobacco from a hookah at baseline and having taken at least one puff at follow-up.

cCells represent column percentages. Data do not always sum to total sample sizes because of missing data. Percentages are based on the total for each category and may not total 100 due to rounding.

dFor chi-square analyses.