Table 1.
Participant Baseline Demographic and Tobacco Use Characteristics (N = 68)
| Intervention (N = 41) | Control (N = 27) | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Female gender | 19 (46.3) | 17 (63.0) | .39 |
| Age in years | |||
| M ± SD | 14.5 ± 1.4 | 14.3 ± 1.7 | .70 |
| Range | 12–17 | 12–17 | |
| Yupik ethnicity | 30 (73.2) | 27 (100.0) | .0033 |
| Cupik ethnicity | 12 (29.3) | 0 (0.0) | .0020 |
| Current or highest grade in school completed | .88 | ||
| <6th | 0 (0.0) | 5 (18.5) | |
| 6th–8th grade | 25 (61.0) | 9 (33.3) | |
| 9th–12th grade | 16 (39.0) | 13 (48.1) | |
| Yupik language | |||
| Spoken | 23 (56.1) | 22 (81.5) | .45 |
| Written | 19 (46.3) | 17 (63.0) | .48 |
| Cupik language | |||
| Spoken | 7 (17.1) | 0 (0.0) | .0234 |
| Written | 5 (12.2) | 0 (0.0) | .0594 |
| One or more smokers in the home (excluding self) | 20 (48.8) | 21 (77.8) | .039 |
| One or more chewers in the home (excluding self) | 39 (95.1) | 26 (96.3) | .80 |
| Age first tried tobacco | |||
| M ± SD | 9.8 ± 2.3 | 9.0 ± 2.8 | .32 |
| Range | 5–13 | 4–15 | |
| Current tobacco use: past 30 days | |||
| Cigarettes | 8 (19.5) | 8 (29.6) | .65 |
| Commercial chew | 10 (24.4) | 18 (66.7) | .003 |
| Iqmik | 39 (95.1) | 25 (92.6) | .44 |
| Number of days using tobacco: past 30 days | |||
| M ± SD | 27.1 ± 5.3 | 27.0 ± 4.9 | .97 |
| Range | 14–30 | 8–30 | |
| Current tobacco use: past 7 days | |||
| Cigarettes | 5 (12.2) | 5 (18.5) | .65 |
| Commercial chew | 0 (0.0) | 6 (22.2) | .0016 |
| Iqmik | 39 (95.1) | 24 (88.9) | .27 |
| Amount of tobacco used per day: past 7 days, M ± SD | |||
| Cigarettes (n = 10) | 2.6 ± 1.5 | 5.0 ± 5.6 | .12 |
| Commercial ST (n = 6) | 0 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | – |
| Iqmik (n = 63) | 5.1 ± 3.1 | 3.2 ± 1.8 | .031 |
| Prior stop attempt | 36 (87.8) | 26 (96.3) | .20 |
| Smoking ban in the home | 27 (65.9) | 3 (11.1) | <.001 |
| Iqmik use ban in the home | 2 (4.9) | 0 (0.0) | .26 |
| Contemplation ladder | .32 | ||
| 0–3 (low) | 2 (4.8) | 1 (3.7) | |
| 4–6 (medium) | 30 (73.2) | 16 (59.3) | |
| 7–10 (high) | 9 (22.0) | 10 (37.0) | |
| FTQ,a smokers only (n = 10) | .14 | ||
| M ± SD | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 2.8 ± 1.3 | |
| Range | 1–3 | 2–5 | |
| FTQ-ST,b Iqmik /ST users only (n = 65) | .02 | ||
| M ± SD | 3.6 ± 1.4 | 2.9 ± 1.1 | |
| Range | 1–7 | 1–6 | |
| Social support for quitting tobaccoc | |||
| M ± SD | 14.9 ± 3.5 | 15.2 ± 3.7 | .77 |
| Range | 9–25.0 | 9–26 | |
Note. FTQ = Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire; FTQ-ST = Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire-Smokeless Tobacco.
aThe FTQ has a scoring range of 0–9; scores of 6 or more indicate severe dependence.
bPotential scores range from 0 to 13 with a cutoff score of ≥6 indicating severe dependence.
cScores can range from 9 to 27.
*Generalized estimating equations to account for potential clustering within villages.