. 2014 Feb 20;18(1):205. doi: 10.1186/cc13737

Table 1.

Marketed incretin-based agents

Therapy	Approval	Dose	Route	Precautions
GLP-1 receptor agonists
Exantide (Byetta^®)	EMA, US FDA	5 μg, 10 μg	SC, BD	Renal impairment^a
Lixisenatide (Lyxumia^®)	EMA	10 μg, 20 μg	SC, OD	Renal impairment^a
Extended-release exenatide (Bydureon^®)	EMA, US FDA	2 mg	SC, QW	Renal impairment^a
Liraglutide (Victoza^®)	EMA, US FDA	0.6 mg, 1.2 mg, 1.8 mg	SC, OD	MTC of MEN2
DPP-4 inhibitors
Sitagliptin (Januvia^®)^b	EMA,US FDA	25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg	Oral OD	Renal iAAmpairment^c
Vildagliptin (Galvus^®)^b	EMA	50 mg	Oral BD	Renal impairment^a
				Hepatic impairment
Alogliptin (Nesina^®)^b	US FDA	25 mg	Oral OD	Renal impairment^c
Saxagliptin (Onglyza^®)	EMA, US FDA	2.5 mg, 5 mg	Oral OD	Renal impairment^c
Linagliptin (Trajenta^®)	EMA, US FDA	5 mg	Oral OD	–

BD twice daily, DPP-4 dipeptidyl-peptidase-4, EMA European Medicines Agency, MEN2 multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, MTC medullary thyroid carcinoma, OD once daily, SC subcutaneous, QW once weekly, US FDA US Food and Drug Administration. ^aContraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 ml/minute) and end-stage renal disease. ^bAvailable in a fixed-dose combination with metformin. ^cDose adjustment required in moderate (creatinine clearance ≥30 to <50 ml/minute), severe and end-stage renal disease.