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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Glia. 2014 Mar 21;62(6):999–1013. doi: 10.1002/glia.22657

Figure 5. Induction of IL-1α protein in LPS-activated mouse astrocytes.

Figure 5

(A) Mouse astrocyte cultures were stimulated with LPS or not (Ctr) and subjected to immunostaining for IL-1α (brown, top row) or IL-1α (brown)/GFAP (purple) double labeling (bottom row). IL-1α staining was noted in a subpopulation of LPS-stimulated astrocytes in the nuclear membrane and the cytosol. Double labeling confirms their identity as astrocytes (IL-1α+GFAP+). (B) The amount of cell-associated IL-1α production was determined by ELISA in mouse astrocyte cultures. The results confirm that IL-1 was induced by both LPS and poly IC (PIC) but not by IL-1/IFNγ. (C) Human astrocytes fail to produce IL-1 protein regardless of which stimuli are applied (see text for details).