Table 4.

Recommendations for treatment of TB in childhood [1,8,9,12,13,17,18,21,22,24,27-31]

	Intensive phase (duration)	Continuation phase (duration)
TB disease (except meningitis and osteoarticular TB) in HIV-uninfected children with low risk of INH-resistance	INH + RIF + PZA (2 months)	INH + RIF (4 months)
TB disease (except meningitis and osteoarticular TB) in HIV-infected children and/or children with high risk of INH-resistance	INH + RIF + PZA + EMB (2 months)	INH + RIF (4 months)
Meningitis and osteoarticular TB	INH + RIF + PZA + EMB (2 months)	INH + RIF (10 months)
INH-monoresistance TB	RIF + PZA + EMB (2 months)§	RIF + PZA + EMB (4-7 months)§
	RIF + PZA + EMB (2 months)#	RIF + EMB (10 months) #
	RIF + PZA + EMB + FQN (2 months) #	RIF + EMB + FQN (4-7 months) #
RIF-monoresistance TB	INH+ PZA + EMB + FQN (2 months) §	INH + EMB + FQN (10-16 months) §
	INH + PZA + EMB (2 months) #	INH + EMB (16 months) #
MDR-resistance TB	Treatment regimens should be based on the drug susceptibility pattern of the M. tuberculosis isolated from child specimens or, more frequently, from the source case specimens.
LTBI	INH (6-9 months) §
	INH + RIF (3 months) #
	INH + RPT (weekly for 12 weeks) #
INH-monoresistance LTBI	RIF (4-6 months)

Note: § recommended regimen; # alternative regimen; TB: Tuberculosis; INH: Isoniazid; RIF: Rifampicin; PZA: Pyrazinamide; EMB: Ethambutol; FQN: Fluoroquinolones; MDR: Multi- Drug Resistance; RPT: Rifabutin.