Table 4.

Total Costs of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Cost category	Subsection	Details	Any medical service users with IBSa						Frequent usersb
			Outpatients		Hospitalization		Total		Total
			Costs	%	Costs	%	Costs	%	Costs	%
Direct costs (A)			348,670,489	74.2	71,654,254	80.3	420,324,742	75.2	239,224,768	76.1
	Medical costs	Healthcare servicesa	149,894,403	31.9	70,586,501c	79.1	220,480,903a	39.4	126,921,710	40.4
		Pharmacyb	113,621,831	24.2	-c	-	113,621,831	20.3	69,231,651	22.0
	Non-medical costs	Transportation	85,154,256	18.1	1,067,753	1.2	86,222,008	15.4	43,071,407	13.7
Indirect costs (productivity loss) (B)			121,063,582	25.8	17,540,565	19.7	138,604,147	24.8	75,118,030	23.9
Total (A + B)			469,734,070	100.0	89,194,819	100.0	558,928,890	100.0	314,342,799	100.0

^aHealthcare service costs are the sum of National Health Insurance (NHI)-covered cost, beneficiary copayments and NHI-uncovered payments;

^bPharmacy costs are the sum of pharmaceutical costs for drugs and preparation fees for medications;

^cPharmacy costs during hospitalization are summed into the costs for healthcare services. IBS, irritable bowel syndrome.

Costs are presented in US dollars (1 USD = 1,047.3 Korean won, 2008).